Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1965 Apr;95(1):233–237. doi: 10.1042/bj0950233

The incorporation of carbon dioxide into milk citrate in the isolated perfused goat udder

D C Hardwick 1
PMCID: PMC1215198  PMID: 14333562

Abstract

1. Isolated perfused goat udders supplied with glucose, acetate and amino acids were infused for several hours with NaH14CO3. 2. Lactose, milk-fat fatty acids and glycerol had very little radioactivity. The specific radioactivity (counts./min./mg. of C) of milk citrate was 9–16% that of the carbon dioxide in the perfusion fluid and 19% that estimated for tissue carbon dioxide. The specific radioactivity of tissue citrate resembled that of milk citrate. 3. The radioactivity in citrate was predominantly in C-6, suggesting some carboxylation of α-oxoglutarate in addition to carboxylation of C3 compounds. 4. [1-14C]Glutamate was infused in a similar experiment, and milk citrate radioactivity was predominantly in C-1+C-5. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the contribution of glucose and acetate carbon to citrate. The implications of the carboxylation of α-oxoglutarate are considered.

Full text

PDF
233

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANNISON E. F., LINDSAY D. B. Acetate utilization in sheep. Biochem J. 1961 Apr;78:777–785. doi: 10.1042/bj0780777. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ANNISON E. F., LINZELL J. L. THE OXIDATION AND UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE AND ACETATE BY THE MAMMARY GLAND OF THE GOAT IN RELATION TO THEIR OVER-ALL METABOLISM AND MILK FORMATION. J Physiol. 1964 Dec;175:372–385. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007522. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. ANNISON E. F., SCOTT T. W., WAITES G. M. THE ROLE OF GLUCOSE AND ACETATE IN THE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF THE TESTIS AND EPIDIDYMIS OF THE RAM. Biochem J. 1963 Sep;88:482–488. doi: 10.1042/bj0880482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BLACK A. L., KLEIBER M. Level of fixed carbon in amino acids of casein measured in the intact dairy cow. J Biol Chem. 1954 Oct;210(2):895–902. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. COWIE A. T., DUNCOMBE W. G., FOLLEY S. J., FRENCH T. H., GLASCOCK R. F., MASSART L., PEETERS G. J., POPJAK G. Synthesis of milk fat from acetic acid (CH3 14COOH) by the perfused isolated bovine udder. Biochem J. 1951 Oct;49(5):610–615. doi: 10.1042/bj0490610. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DEVLIN T. M., BEDELL B. H. Effect of acetoacetate on the oxidation of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide by intact rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem. 1960 Jul;235:2134–2139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. FREEDMAN A. D., GRAFF S. The metabolism of pyruvate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. J Biol Chem. 1958 Aug;233(2):292–295. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. HARDWICK D. C., LINZELL J. L., PRICE S. M. The effect of glucose and acetate on milk secretion by the perfused goat udder. Biochem J. 1961 Jul;80:37–45. doi: 10.1042/bj0800037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. HATHAWAY J. A., ATKINSON D. E. THE EFFECT OF ADENYLIC ACID ON YEAST NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE, A POSSIBLE METABOLIC CONTROL MECHANISM. J Biol Chem. 1963 Aug;238:2875–2881. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. HURLOCK B., TALALAY P. 3 alpha-Hydroxysteroids as coenzymes of hydrogen transfer between di- and triphosphopyridine nucleotides. J Biol Chem. 1958 Oct;233(4):886–893. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hardwick D. C., Linzell J. L., Mepham T. B. The metabolism of acetate and glucose by the isolated perfused udder. 2. The contribution of acetate and glucose to carbon dioxide and milk constituents. Biochem J. 1963 Aug;88(2):213–220. doi: 10.1042/bj0880213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. KLEIBER M., SMITH A. H., BLACK A. L. Carbonate as precursor of milk constituents in the intact dairy cow. J Biol Chem. 1952 Apr;195(2):707–714. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. LAURYSSENS M., VERBEKE R., PEETERS G., DONCK A. Incorporation of sodium [1-14C]hexanoate and sodium hydrogen [14C]carbonate into milk constituents by the perfused cow's udder. Biochem J. 1959 Sep;73:71–75. doi: 10.1042/bj0730071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LOWENSTEIN J. M. The pathway of hydrogen in biosyntheses. I. Experiments with glucose-1-H3 and lactate-2-H3. J Biol Chem. 1961 May;236:1213–1216. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. LOWENSTEIN J. M. The pathway of hydrogen in biosyntheses. II. Extramitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1961 May;236:1217–1219. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. MADSEN J., ABRAHAM S., CHAIKOFF I. L. THE CONVERSION OF GLUTAMATE CARBON TO FATTY ACID CARBON VIA CITRATE. I. THE INFLUENCE OF GLUCOSE IN LACTATING RAT MAMMARY GLAND SLICES. J Biol Chem. 1964 May;239:1305–1309. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. MARTIN S. M., WILSON P. W. Uptake of C14O2 by Aspergillus niger in the formation of citric acid. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1951 Jun;32(1):150–157. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(51)90248-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. PLAUT G. W., SUNG S. C. Diphosphopyridine nucleotide isocitric dehydrogenase from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1954 Mar;207(1):305–314. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. SANWAL B. D., ZINK M. W., STACHOW C. S. NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-SPECIFIC ISOCITRIC DEHYDROGENASE. A POSSIBLE REGULATORY PROTEIN. J Biol Chem. 1964 May;239:1597–1603. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. VERBEKE R., LAURYSSENS M., PEETERS G., JAMES A. T. Incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine and [1-14C]liso valeric acid into milk constituents by the perfused cow's udder. Biochem J. 1959 Sep;73:24–29. doi: 10.1042/bj0730024. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES