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. 2025 Jun 5;14(11):3989. doi: 10.3390/jcm14113989
2D two-dimensional
3D three-dimensional
ACL anterior cruciate ligament
AM additive manufacturing
CAD computer-aided design
CBL case- based learning
CT computer tomography
DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
DIW direct ink writing
EBM electron beam melting
FDM fused deposition modeling
LHS length of hospital stay
LIG laser-induced graphene
LOM laminated object manufacturing
MDCT multi-row computed tomography
MR magnetic resonance
MSCs mesenchymal stem cells
PAH peptide amphiphile hydrogel
PSIs patient-specific instruments
PSL plastic sheet lamination
RP rapid prototyping
SLA stereolithography
SLM selective laser melting
UAM ultrasonic additive manufacturing