Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1996 Feb 15;314(Pt 1):269–275. doi: 10.1042/bj3140269

Emulsification and lipolysis of triacylglycerols are altered by viscous soluble dietary fibres in acidic gastric medium in vitro.

B Pasquier 1, M Armand 1, C Castelain 1, F Guillon 1, P Borel 1, H Lafont 1, D Lairon 1
PMCID: PMC1217035  PMID: 8660293

Abstract

This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that soluble dietary fibres can alter the process of intragastric lipid emulsification and possibly subsequent triacylglycerol lipolysis. Three guar gums, two pectins and gum arabic were dissolved in acidic gastric medium in the concentration range 0.3-2.0% (w/v). Viscosities of fibre solutions were measured and apparent viscosities varied over a wide range (0.7-77 mPa/s). Emulsification of a lipid mixture (triolein/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol) was performed under mild conditions in the presence of increasing concentrations of soluble fibres. The amount of emulsified lipid was not affected whereas the size of the emulsified droplets was increased by raising the concentration of viscous fibres only. The droplet size (r=0.75, P=0.006) and overall droplet surface area (r=-0.69, P=0.009) were strongly correlated with the medium viscosity in the range 0-20 mPa/s. The addition of solutions of viscous fibres to a preformed standard emulsion did not change the initial velocity of human gastric lipase reaction. Conversely, when emulsions prepared in the presence of fibres (i.e. with different droplet sizes) were incubated with excess gastric enzyme for 2 h, the high-viscosity guar gum significantly reduced the extent of triacylglycerol lipolysis, as compared with control and low- or medium-viscosity fibres. In conclusion, the data obtained show that reducing emulsification of dietary lipids in the mildly acid medium found in the stomach is a mechanism by which soluble viscous fibres can alter lipid assimilation.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (362.4 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Armand M., Borel P., Dubois C., Senft M., Peyrot J., Salducci J., Lafont H., Lairon D. Characterization of emulsions and lipolysis of dietary lipids in the human stomach. Am J Physiol. 1994 Mar;266(3 Pt 1):G372–G381. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1994.266.3.G372. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bernbäck S., Bläckberg L., Hernell O. Fatty acids generated by gastric lipase promote human milk triacylglycerol digestion by pancreatic colipase-dependent lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Feb 20;1001(3):286–293. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90113-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Borel P., Armand M., Pasquier B., Senft M., Dutot G., Melin C., Lafont H., Lairon D. Digestion and absorption of tube-feeding emulsions with different droplet sizes and compositions in the rat. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994 Nov-Dec;18(6):534–543. doi: 10.1177/0148607194018006534. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bosaeus I., Carlsson N. G., Sandberg A. S., Andersson H. Effect of wheat bran and pectin on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1986 Nov;40(6):429–440. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cameron-Smith D., Collier G. R., O'Dea K. Effect of soluble dietary fibre on the viscosity of gastrointestinal contents and the acute glycaemic response in the rat. Br J Nutr. 1994 Apr;71(4):563–571. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940163. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cara L., Dubois C., Borel P., Armand M., Senft M., Portugal H., Pauli A. M., Bernard P. M., Lairon D. Effects of oat bran, rice bran, wheat fiber, and wheat germ on postprandial lipemia in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1):81–88. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/55.1.81. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Carey M. C., Small D. M., Bliss C. M. Lipid digestion and absorption. Annu Rev Physiol. 1983;45:651–677. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.45.030183.003251. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carriere F., Barrowman J. A., Verger R., Laugier R. Secretion and contribution to lipolysis of gastric and pancreatic lipases during a test meal in humans. Gastroenterology. 1993 Sep;105(3):876–888. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(93)90908-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cherbut C., Albina E., Champ M., Doublier J. L., Lecannu G. Action of guar gums on the viscosity of digestive contents and on the gastrointestinal motor function in pigs. Digestion. 1990;46(4):205–213. doi: 10.1159/000200347. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cherbut C., Bruley des Varannes S., Schnee M., Rival M., Galmiche J. P., Delort-Laval J. Involvement of small intestinal motility in blood glucose response to dietary fibre in man. Br J Nutr. 1994 May;71(5):675–685. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940175. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gargouri Y., Moreau H., Verger R. Gastric lipases: biochemical and physiological studies. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Dec 18;1006(3):255–271. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90012-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gargouri Y., Pieroni G., Lowe P. A., Sarda L., Verger R. Human gastric lipase. The effect of amphiphiles. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Apr 15;156(2):305–310. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb09583.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gargouri Y., Pieroni G., Riviere C., Sauniere J. F., Lowe P. A., Sarda L., Verger R. Kinetic assay of human gastric lipase on short- and long-chain triacylglycerol emulsions. Gastroenterology. 1986 Oct;91(4):919–925. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(86)90695-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hamosh M., Klaeveman H. L., Wolf R. O., Scow R. O. Pharyngeal lipase and digestion of dietary triglyceride in man. J Clin Invest. 1975 May;55(5):908–913. doi: 10.1172/JCI108019. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Isaksson G., Asp N. G., Ihse I. Effects of dietary fiber on pancreatic enzyme activities of ileostomy evacuates and on excretion of fat and nitrogen in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1983 May;18(3):417–423. doi: 10.3109/00365528309181617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Isaksson G., Lundquist I., Ihse I. Effect of dietary fiber on pancreatic enzyme activity in vitro. Gastroenterology. 1982 May;82(5 Pt 1):918–924. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jenkins D. J., Wolever T. M., Leeds A. R., Gassull M. A., Haisman P., Dilawari J., Goff D. V., Metz G. L., Alberti K. G. Dietary fibres, fibre analogues, and glucose tolerance: importance of viscosity. Br Med J. 1978 May 27;1(6124):1392–1394. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6124.1392. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lairon D., Lafont H., Vigne J. L., Nalbone G., Léonardi J., Hauton J. C. Effects of dietary fibers and cholestyramine on the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Oct;42(4):629–638. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/42.4.629. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lairon D., Nalbone G., Lafont H., Leonardi J., Vigne J. L., Chabert C., Hauton J. C., Verger R. Effect of bile lipids on the adsorption and activity of pancreatic lipase on triacylglycerol emulsions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Apr 18;618(1):119–128. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90059-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Leclère C. J., Champ M., Boillot J., Guille G., Lecannu G., Molis C., Bornet F., Krempf M., Delort-Laval J., Galmiche J. P. Role of viscous guar gums in lowering the glycemic response after a solid meal. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Apr;59(4):914–921. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/59.4.914. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Liao T. H., Hamosh P., Hamosh M. Fat digestion by lingual lipase: mechanism of lipolysis in the stomach and upper small intestine. Pediatr Res. 1984 May;18(5):402–409. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198405000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lund E. K., Gee J. M., Brown J. C., Wood P. J., Johnson I. T. Effect of oat gum on the physical properties of the gastrointestinal contents and on the uptake of D-galactose and cholesterol by rat small intestine in vitro. Br J Nutr. 1989 Jul;62(1):91–101. doi: 10.1079/bjn19890010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Moreau H., Gargouri Y., Lecat D., Junien J. L., Verger R. Screening of preduodenal lipases in several mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Apr 15;959(3):247–252. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90197-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Patton J. S., Rigler M. W., Liao T. H., Hamosh P., Hamosh M. Hydrolysis of triacylglycerol emulsions by lingual lipase. A microscopic study. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Aug 18;712(2):400–407. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(82)90359-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Spooner P. J., Clark S. B., Gantz D. L., Hamilton J. A., Small D. M. The ionization and distribution behavior of oleic acid in chylomicrons and chylomicron-like emulsion particles and the influence of serum albumin. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 25;263(3):1444–1453. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Vahouny G. V., Roy T., Gallo L. L., Story J. A., Kritchevsky D., Cassidy M. Dietary fibers. III. Effects of chronic intake on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in the rat. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Oct;33(10):2182–2191. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/33.10.2182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES