Abstract
Pili, which are filamentous protein structures on the surface of the meningitis-causing organism Neisseria meningitidis, are known to be post-translationally modified with substituents that affect their mobility in SDS/PAGE and which might play a crucial role in adherence and bloodstream invasion. Tryptic digests of pili were analysed by fast atom bombardment and electrospray MS to identify putative modifications. Serine-93 was found to carry a novel modification of alpha-glycerophosphate. This is the first time that alpha-glycerophosphate has been observed as a substituent of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic protein.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (543.8 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adler S. P., Purich D., Stadtman E. R. Cascade control of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. Properties of the PII regulatory protein and the uridylyltransferase-uridylyl-removing enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1975 Aug 25;250(16):6264–6272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breedveld M. W., Miller K. J. Cyclic beta-glucans of members of the family Rhizobiaceae. Microbiol Rev. 1994 Jun;58(2):145–161. doi: 10.1128/mr.58.2.145-161.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeVoe I. W. The meningococcus and mechanisms of pathogenicity. Microbiol Rev. 1982 Jun;46(2):162–190. doi: 10.1128/mr.46.2.162-190.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Duncan J. H., Lennarz W. J., Fenselau C. C. Mass spectral analysis glycerophospholipids. Biochemistry. 1971 Mar 16;10(6):927–932. doi: 10.1021/bi00782a002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dunn K. L., Virji M., Moxon E. R. Investigations into the molecular basis of meningococcal toxicity for human endothelial and epithelial cells: the synergistic effect of LPS and pili. Microb Pathog. 1995 Feb;18(2):81–96. doi: 10.1016/s0882-4010(95)90085-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edmondson D. E., James T. L. Covalently bound non-coenzyme phosphorus residues in flavoproteins: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Azotobacter flavodoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3786–3789. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3786. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finn D. J., Gustafson G. L. Antibodies that recognize phosphodiester-linked amino-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Oct 29;148(2):834–837. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90951-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gustafson G. L., Gander J. E. O beta-(N-acetyl-alpha-glucosamine-1-phosphoryl)serine in proteinase I from Dictyostelium discoideum. Methods Enzymol. 1984;107:172–183. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(84)07011-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gustafson G. L., Milner L. A. Occurrence of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate in proteinase I from Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Chem. 1980 Aug 10;255(15):7208–7210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ilg T., Overath P., Ferguson M. A., Rutherford T., Campbell D. G., McConville M. J. O- and N-glycosylation of the Leishmania mexicana-secreted acid phosphatase. Characterization of a new class of phosphoserine-linked glycans. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):24073–24081. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jonsson A. B., Ilver D., Falk P., Pepose J., Normark S. Sequence changes in the pilus subunit lead to tropism variation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human tissue. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Aug;13(3):403–416. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00435.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kennedy E. P., Rumley M. K., Schulman H., Van Golde L. M. Identification of sn-glycero-1-phosphate and phosphoethanolamine residues linked to the membrane-derived Oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jul 25;251(14):4208–4213. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nassif X., Lowy J., Stenberg P., O'Gaora P., Ganji A., So M. Antigenic variation of pilin regulates adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial cells. Mol Microbiol. 1993 May;8(4):719–725. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01615.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richards J. C., Perry M. B. Structure of the specific capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 23F (American type 23). Biochem Cell Biol. 1988 Jul;66(7):758–771. doi: 10.1139/o88-087. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robertson J. N., Vincent P., Ward M. E. The preparation and properties of gonococcal pili. J Gen Microbiol. 1977 Sep;102(1):169–177. doi: 10.1099/00221287-102-1-169. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schoolnik G. K., Fernandez R., Tai J. Y., Rothbard J., Gotschlich E. C. Gonococcal pili. Primary structure and receptor binding domain. J Exp Med. 1984 May 1;159(5):1351–1370. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.5.1351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. 5'-adenylyl-O-tyrosine. The novel phosphodiester residue of adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1968 Jul 10;243(13):3769–3771. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stein T., Vater J., Kruft V., Wittmann-Liebold B., Franke P., Panico M., Mc Dowell R., Morris H. R. Detection of 4'-phosphopantetheine at the thioester binding site for L-valine of gramicidinS synthetase 2. FEBS Lett. 1994 Feb 28;340(1-2):39–44. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80169-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stephens D. S., Whitney A. M., Rothbard J., Schoolnik G. K. Pili of Neisseria meningitidis. Analysis of structure and investigation of structural and antigenic relationships to gonococcal pili. J Exp Med. 1985 Jun 1;161(6):1539–1553. doi: 10.1084/jem.161.6.1539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stimson E., Virji M., Makepeace K., Dell A., Morris H. R., Payne G., Saunders J. R., Jennings M. P., Barker S., Panico M. Meningococcal pilin: a glycoprotein substituted with digalactosyl 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxyhexose. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Sep;17(6):1201–1214. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061201.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Virji M., Alexandrescu C., Ferguson D. J., Saunders J. R., Moxon E. R. Variations in the expression of pili: the effect on adherence of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial and endothelial cells. Mol Microbiol. 1992 May;6(10):1271–1279. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00848.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Virji M., Kayhty H., Ferguson D. J., Alexandrescu C., Heckels J. E., Moxon E. R. The role of pili in the interactions of pathogenic Neisseria with cultured human endothelial cells. Mol Microbiol. 1991 Aug;5(8):1831–1841. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00807.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Virji M., Makepeace K., Peak I. R., Ferguson D. J., Jennings M. P., Moxon E. R. Opc- and pilus-dependent interactions of meningococci with human endothelial cells: molecular mechanisms and modulation by surface polysaccharides. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Nov;18(4):741–754. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18040741.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Virji M., Saunders J. R., Sims G., Makepeace K., Maskell D., Ferguson D. J. Pilus-facilitated adherence of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial and endothelial cells: modulation of adherence phenotype occurs concurrently with changes in primary amino acid sequence and the glycosylation status of pilin. Mol Microbiol. 1993 Dec;10(5):1013–1028. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00972.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whiteheart S. W., Shenbagamurthi P., Chen L., Cotter R. J., Hart G. W. Murine elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) is posttranslationally modified by novel amide-linked ethanolamine-phosphoglycerol moieties. Addition of ethanolamine-phosphoglycerol to specific glutamic acid residues on EF-1 alpha. J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 25;264(24):14334–14341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]