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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 2025 Jul 1;122(27):e2515266122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2515266122

Retraction for Ruby and Novick, Plasmid interactions in Staphylococcus aureus: Nonadditivity of compatible plasmid DNA pools

PMCID: PMC12260571  PMID: 40591608

Retraction for “Plasmid interactions in Staphylococcus aureus: Nonadditivity of compatible plasmid DNA pools,” by Carolyn Ruby and Richard P. Novick, which was first published December 15, 1975; 10.1073/pnas.72.12.5031 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 5031–5035).

Richard P. Novick notes the following: “I no longer stand by this work. I believe the main conclusion is no longer scientifically valid (1). Attempts to contact my coauthor, Carolyn Ruby, were unsuccessful. Accordingly, I hereby retract this article.”

1. P. T. Barth, H. Richards, N. Datta, Copy numbers of coexisting plasmids in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 135, 760–765 (1978).


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