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. 2025 Aug 1;24:313. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02835-0

Table 2.

Association between the CTI and CVD incidence

Died/participants Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
CVD mortality 1152/8679
Q1 205/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 313/2170 0.99 (0.71–1.39) 1.01 (0.74–1.40) 1.45 (1.16–2.23)**
Q3 335/2170 1.22 (0.87–1.71) 1.24 (0.91–1.69) 1.92 (1.52–2.81)**
Q4 299/2169 1.43 (0.98–2.08) 1.63 (1.18–2.24)** 2.28 (1.69–3.24)**
All-cause mortality 360/8679
Q1 63/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 91/2170 1.10 (0.92–1.32) 1.08 (0.91–1.29) 1.62 (1.34–1.92)**
Q3 108/2170 1.23 (1.02–1.48)* 1.19 (0.99–1.42) 1.87 (1.49–2.23)**
Q4 98/2169 1.44 (1.17–1.78)** 1.50 (1.26–1.80)** 2.14 (1.76–2.55)**
Total-CVD 972/8679
Q1 140/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 230/2170 1.01 (0.79–1.30) 1.18 (0.94–1.49) 1.81 (1.42–2.21)**
Q2 247/2170 0.88 (0.68–1.13) 1.18 (0.94–1.49) 1.91 (1.49–2.39)**
Q4 355/2169 1.12 (0.86–1.46) 2.00 (1.61–2.49)** 2.85 (2.32–3.52)**
Congestive heart failure 283/8679
Q1 35/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 64/2170 1.07 (0.69–1.66) 1.29 (0.84–1.96) 1.87 (1.20–2.79)**
Q3 62/2170 0.85 (0.54–1.35) 1.14 (0.74–1.75) 1.77 (1.16–2.69)**
Q4 122/2169 1.41 (0.90–2.21) 2.51 (1.70–3.70)** 3.66 (2.46–5.35)**
Coronary heart disease 363/8679
Q1 45/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 99/2170 1.49 (1.02–2.20)* 1.56 (1.08–2.26)* 2.28 (1.61–3.25)**
Q3 98/2170 1.21 (0.81–1.80) 1.41 (0.97–2.04) 2.24 (1.59–3.21)**
Q4 121/2169 1.28 (0.84–1.94) 1.94 (1.35–2.78)** 2.82 (1.95–3.97)**
Angina pectoris 235/8679
Q1 32/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 50/2170 0.94 (0.58–1.49) 1.11 (0.71–1.75) 1.61 (1.03–2.50)*
Q3 65/2170 0.97 (0.61–1.55) 1.36 (0.88–2.11) 2.08 (1.37–3.19)**
Q4 88/2169 1.02 (0.63–1.65) 1.97 (1.30–2.98)** 2.85 (1.89–4.22)**
Heart attack 399/8679
Q1 56/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 101/2170 1.16 (0.81–1.65)** 1.29 (0.92–1.82) 1.87 (1.32–2.55)**
Q3 103/2170 0.99 (0.68–1.42) 1.22 (0.87–1.72) 1.91 (1.36–2.61)**
Q4 139/2169 1.15 (0.79–1.68) 1.81 (1.31–2.50)** 2.59 (1.89–3.52)**
Stroke 325/8679
Q1 46/2170 1 (referent) 1 (referent) 1 (referent)
Q2 76/2170 0.98 (0.66–1.45) 1.17 (0.80–1.71) 1.54 (1.04–2.22)**
Q3 78/2170 0.83 (0.55–1.25) 1.11 (0.76–1.62) 1.50 (1.08–2.27)**
Q4 125/2169 1.18 (0.78–1.77) 1.94 (1.37–2.75)** 2.86 (2.00–3.85)**

Model 1 did not adjust for any variables. Model 2 adjusted for sex and age. Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, education, race, smoking, alcohol use, self-reported diabetes, self-reported hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), BMI, HDL, LDL, and HbA1c% levels

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01