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. 2025 Aug 10;15:29241. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15005-9

Table 3.

Comparative analysis of EDLMOA-CHM model with existing approaches.

Approach Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic
Traditional FL 85.82 89.76 90.28 83.40 95.38
BC HER 89.00 80.06 95.63 84.57 85.04
DT 77.78 85.33 97.89 79.02 84.52
NB 81.20 86.86 86.62 98.26 85.80
MLP 81.20 96.87 93.87 98.80 87.23
K-means 75.00 92.13 91.65 84.16 81.85
CLSTM 97.50 95.53 98.44 97.23 92.15
EDLMOA-CHM 99.56 99.43 99.56 99.56 99.49