Table 1.
Distribution of census tract level neighborhood characteristics by ARE status based on z scores
| Census-based neighborhood-level characteristics (z scores) | All children N=15,877 |
Comparison group N=15,185 |
ARE case N=692 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
|
| ||||
| % Below poverty level | −0.39 (−0.75, 0.39) | −0.40 (−0.75, 0.36) | 0.03 (−0.61, 1.05) | <0.01 |
| Median household income | −0.01 (−0.58, 0.65) | 0.01 (−0.56, 0.66) | −0.41 (−0.91, 0.28) | <0.01 |
| % Female head of household | −0.25 (−0.67, 0.48) | −0.26 (−0.68, 0.44) | 0.25 (−0.44, 2.18) | <0.01 |
| % Unemployed | −0.33 (−0.72, 0.34) | −0.34 (−0.73, 0.31) | 0.04 (−0.61, 1.02) | <0.01 |
| % Without HS diploma | −0.39 (−0.84, 0.41) | −0.40 (−0.84, 0.38) | 0.03 (−0.70, 0.81) | <0.01 |
| Population density, people per square km | −0.17 (−0.38, 0.15) | −0.17 (−0.38, 0.14) | −0.12 (−0.33, 0.38) | <0.01 |
| % White participant | 0.17 (−0.94, 0.76) | 0.18 (−0.88, 0.76) | −0.34 (−2.12, 0.64) | <0.01 |
| % Black participant | −0.44 (−0.56, 0.16) | −0.45 (−0.57, 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.51, 2.17) | <0.01 |
| % Asian participant | −0.26 (−0.42, 0.19) | −0.26 (−0.42, 0.21) | −0.34 (−0.45, −0.11) | <0.01 |
| % Other participant | −0.30 (−0.55, 0.33) | −0.30 (−0.55, 0.33) | −0.38 (−0.56, 0.18) | <0.01 |
| % Hispanic participant | −0.43 (−0.59, 0.11) | −0.43 (−0.59, 0.12) | −0.48 (−0.59, −0.09) | <0.01 |
| % White, non-Hispanic participant | −0.40 (−0.51, 0.06) | −0.39 (−0.50, 0.05) | −0.44 (−0.52, −0.22) | <0.01 |
| % Black race, non-Hispanic participant | −0.22 (−0.25, 0.08) | −0.23 (−0.25, 0.08) | −0.18 (−0.24, 0.04) | <0.01 |
| Overall COI z score | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.02) | <0.01 |
| Education COI domain, mean (SD) | −0.00 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.06) | −0.02 (0.06) | <0.01 |
| Health and environment COI domain, mean (SD) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.05) | −0.01 (0.06) | <0.01 |
| Social and economic COI domain, mean (SD) | 0.05 (−0.12, 0.17) | 0.05 (−0.12, 0.17) | −0.06 (−0.33, 0.12) | <0.01 |
Point estimates represent median Z score (IQR) unless specified otherwise. Negative sign indicates median is below the normalized mean.
Other race and ethnicity was defined as Non-Hispanic Other; Hispanic Other; Other or unknown race or ethnicity.
All census-based neighborhood-level characteristics are based on n=15,427 children (n=450; 2.8%) missing data) except for all COI z-scores (n=0 missing data).
Abbreviations: ARE: Asthma with recurrent exacerbations; COI: Child opportunity index; HS: High school; SD: Standard deviation.