Skip to main content
PMC home page
Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine logoLink to Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine
. 1983 Oct;47(4):422–432.

Exposure of calves to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and Pasteurella haemolytica.

P D Carrière, M G Maxie, B N Wilkie, M Savan, V E Valli, J A Johnson
PMCID: PMC1235969  PMID: 6320999

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate whether sequential exposure to aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus followed by Pasteurella haemolytica, or P. haemolytica followed by parainfluenza-3 virus, could lead to the production of pulmonary lesions in conventionally-raised calves. Twenty male calves with low serum antibody titres to both organisms were placed in five equal groups. Synergism of parainfluenza-3 virus and P. haemolytica was not demonstrated in any of the sequentially infected groups and pulmonary lesions were mild in all challenged calves. Clinical signs of disease were not present after exposure to parainfluenza-3 virus although the virus was repeatedly isolated from nasal secretions of all inoculated calves. Exposure to P. haemolytica produced a transient response which consisted of increased rectal temperatures and respiratory rates, with a mild neutrophilic leukocytosis and a mild left shift present six hours postinoculation and returning to normal within 24 hours. Results from this study suggest, although do not confirm, that reduced pulmonary clearance of inhaled P. haemolytica in parainfluenza-3 virus infected calves does not necessarily lead to production of severe pulmonary lesions and that previous exposure to aerosols of P. haemolytica may not enhance secondary parainfluenza-3 virus infection.

Full text

PDF

Images in this article

427Fig. 5.
on p.427
427Fig. 6.
on p.427
428Fig. 7.
on p.428
428Fig. 8.
on p.428
429Fig. 9.
on p.429
429Fig. 10.
on p.429
430Fig. 11.
on p.430

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Al-Izzi S. A., Maxie M. G., Savan M. The pulmonary clearance of Pasteurella haemolytica in calves given Corynebacterium parvum and infected with parainfluenza-3 virus. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Jan;46(1):85–90. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baldwin D. E., Marshall R. G., Wessman G. E. Experimental infection of calves with myxovirus parainfluenza-3 and Pasteurella haemolytica. Am J Vet Res. 1967 Nov;28(127):1773–1782. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benson M. L., Thomson R. G., Valli V. E. The bovine alveolar macrophage. II. In vitro studies with Pasteurella haemolytica. Can J Comp Med. 1978 Jul;42(3):368–369. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryson D. G., McNulty M. S., Ball H. J., Neill S. D., Connor T. J., Cush P. F. The experimental production of pneumonia in calves by intranasal inoculation of parainfluenza type III virus. Vet Rec. 1979 Dec 22;105(25-26):566–573. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burroughs A. L. Myxovirus parainfluenza-3 respiratory infection in dairy cattle. Am J Vet Res. 1967 Mar;28(123):359–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DAWSON P. S., DARBYSHIRE J. H., LAMONT P. H. THE INOCULATION OF CALVES WITH PARAINFLUENZA 3 VIRUS. Res Vet Sci. 1965 Jan;6:108–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Friend S. C., Thomson R. G., Wilkie B. N. Pulmonary lesions induced by Pasteurella hemolytica in cattle. Can J Comp Med. 1977 Apr;41(2):219–223. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Friend S. C., Wilkie B. N., Thomson R. G., Barnum D. A. Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: experimental induction in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves. Can J Comp Med. 1977 Jan;41(1):77–83. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gilka F., Thomson R. G., Savan M. Microscopic findings in the lungs of calves aerosolized with Pasteurella hemolytica and treated to alter pulmonary clearance. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1974 Dec;21(10):774–786. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1974.tb00481.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gilka F., Thomson R. G., Savan M. The effect of edema, hydrocortisone acetate, concurrent viral infection and immunization on the clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica from the bovine lung. Can J Comp Med. 1974 Jul;38(3):251–259. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gutekunst D. E., Paton I. M., Volenec F. J. Parainfluenza-3 vaccine in cattle: comparative efficacy of intranasal and intramuscular routes. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1969 Dec 15;155(12):1879–1885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. HAMDY A. H., TRAPP A. L., GALE C., KING N. B. Experimental transmission of shipping fever in calves. Am J Vet Res. 1963 Mar;24:287–294. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HAMPARIAN V. V., WASHKO F. V., KETLER A., HILLEMAN M. R. Laboratory and field investigations of bovine Myxovirus parainfluenza 3 virus and vaccine. III. Evaluation of an SF-4 (shipping fever) virus vaccine in cattle. J Immunol. 1961 Aug;87:139–146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. HEDDLESTON K. L., REISINGER R. C., WATKO L. P. Studies on the transmission and etiology of bovine shipping fever. Am J Vet Res. 1962 May;23:548–553. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. HETRICK F. M., CHANG S. C., BYRNE R. J., HANSEN P. A. THE COMBINED EFFECT OF PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA AND MYXOVIRUS PARAINFLUENZA-3 UPON CALVES. Am J Vet Res. 1963 Sep;24:939–947. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jakab G. J., Dick E. C. Synergistic effect in viral-bacterial infection: combined infection of the murine respiratory tract with Sendai virus and Pasteurella pneumotropica. Infect Immun. 1973 Nov;8(5):762–768. doi: 10.1128/iai.8.5.762-768.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jakab G. J. Effect of sequential inoculations of Sendai virus and Pasteurella pneumotropica in mice. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974 Apr 1;164(7):723–728. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jakab G. J. Suppression of pulmonary antibacterial activity following Sendai virus infection in mice: dependence on virus dose. Arch Virol. 1975;48(4):385–390. doi: 10.1007/BF01317437. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jericho K. W., Darcel C. L., Langford E. V. Respiratory disease in calves produced with aerosols of parainfluenza-3 virus and Pasteurella haemolytica. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Jul;46(3):293–301. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kaehler K. L., Markam R. J., Muscoplat C. C., Johnson D. W. Evidence of cytocidal effects of Pasteurella haemolytica on bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Am J Vet Res. 1980 Oct;41(10):1690–1693. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lopez A., Thomson R. G., Savan M. The pulmonary clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica in calves infected with bovine parainfluenza-3 virus. Can J Comp Med. 1976 Oct;40(4):385–391. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Markham R. J., Ramnaraine M. L., Muscoplat C. C. Cytotoxic effect of Pasteurella haemolytica on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes and impaired production of chemotactic factors by Pasteurella haemolytica-infected alveolar macrophages. Am J Vet Res. 1982 Feb;43(2):285–288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. McKercher D. G., Saito J. K., Franti C. E., Wada E. M., Crenshaw G. L. Response of calves to parainfluenza-3 vaccines administered nasally or parenterally. Am J Vet Res. 1972 Apr;33(4):721–730. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Omar A. R., Jennings A. R., Betts A. O. The experimental disease produced in calves by the J-121 strain of parainfluenza virus type 3. Res Vet Sci. 1966 Oct;7(4):379–388. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. REISINGER R. C., HEDDLESTON K. L., MANTHEI C. A. A myxovirus (SF-4) associated with shipping fever of cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1959 Aug 1;135(3):147–152. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shewen P. E., Wilkie B. N. Antibody titers to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in Ontario beef cattle. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Oct;46(4):354–356. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Shewen P. E., Wilkie B. N. Cytotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica acting on bovine leukocytes. Infect Immun. 1982 Jan;35(1):91–94. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.1.91-94.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sweat R. L. Isolation of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 from cattle with respiratory diseases. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1967 Jan 15;150(2):172–177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Thomas L. H., Stott E. J., Collins A. P., Jebbett N. J., Stark A. J. Evaluation of respiratory disease in calves: comparison of disease response to different viruses. Res Vet Sci. 1977 Sep;23(2):157–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Tsai K. S., Thomson R. G. Bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus infection: ultrastructural aspects of viral pathogenesis in the bovine respiratory tract. Infect Immun. 1975 Apr;11(4):783–803. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.4.783-803.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wilkie B. N., Markham R. J. Sequential titration of bovine lung and serum antibodies after parenteral or pulmonary inoculation with Pasteurella haemolytica. Am J Vet Res. 1979 Dec;40(12):1690–1693. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wilkie B. N., Markham R. J., Shewen P. E. Response of calves to lung challenge exposure with Pasteurella haemolytica after parenteral or pulmonary immunization. Am J Vet Res. 1980 Nov;41(11):1773–1778. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Yates W. D. A review of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, shipping fever pneumonia and viral-bacterial synergism in respiratory disease of cattle. Can J Comp Med. 1982 Jul;46(3):225–263. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Yates W. D., Jericho K. W., Doige C. E. Effect of viral dose on experimental pneumonia caused by aerosol exposure of calves to bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica. Can J Comp Med. 1983 Jan;47(1):57–63. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES