Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Biophysical Journal logoLink to Biophysical Journal
. 1995 Aug;69(2):389–398. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(95)79911-8

Single-particle tracking: effects of corrals.

M J Saxton 1
PMCID: PMC1236263  PMID: 8527652

Abstract

Structural proteins of the membrane skeleton are thought to form "corrals" at the membrane surface, and these corrals may restrict lateral diffusion of membrane proteins. Recent experimental developments in single-particle tracking and laser trapping make it possible to examine the corral model in detail. Techniques to interpret these experiments are presented. First, escape times for a diffusing particle in a corral are obtained from Monte Carlo calculations and analytical solutions for various corral sizes, shapes, and escape probabilities, and reduced to a common curve. Second, the identification of corrals in tracking experiments is considered. The simplest way to identify corrals is by sight. If the walls are impermeable enough, a trajectory fills the corral before the diffusing particle escapes. The fraction of distinct sites visited before escape is calculated for corrals of various sizes, shapes, and escape probabilities, and reduced to a common curve. This fraction is also a measure of the probability that the diffusing species will react with another species in the corral before escaping. Finally, the effect of the sampling interval on the measurement of the short-range diffusion coefficient is examined.

Full text

PDF
389

Images in this article

393FIGURE 5
on p.393

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson C. M., Georgiou G. N., Morrison I. E., Stevenson G. V., Cherry R. J. Tracking of cell surface receptors by fluorescence digital imaging microscopy using a charge-coupled device camera. Low-density lipoprotein and influenza virus receptor mobility at 4 degrees C. J Cell Sci. 1992 Feb;101(Pt 2):415–425. doi: 10.1242/jcs.101.2.415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Axelrod D., Wang M. D. Reduction-of-dimensionality kinetics at reaction-limited cell surface receptors. Biophys J. 1994 Mar;66(3 Pt 1):588–600. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80834-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Edidin M., Kuo S. C., Sheetz M. P. Lateral movements of membrane glycoproteins restricted by dynamic cytoplasmic barriers. Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1379–1382. doi: 10.1126/science.1835798. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Edidin M. Patches and fences: probing for plasma membrane domains. J Cell Sci Suppl. 1993;17:165–169. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1993.supplement_17.24. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Edidin M. Patches, posts and fences: proteins and plasma membrane domains. Trends Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;2(12):376–380. doi: 10.1016/0962-8924(92)90050-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fein M., Unkeless J., Chuang F. Y., Sassaroli M., da Costa R., Vänänen H., Eisinger J. Lateral mobility of lipid analogues and GPI-anchored proteins in supported bilayers determined by fluorescent bead tracking. J Membr Biol. 1993 Jul;135(1):83–92. doi: 10.1007/BF00234654. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ghosh R. N., Webb W. W. Automated detection and tracking of individual and clustered cell surface low density lipoprotein receptor molecules. Biophys J. 1994 May;66(5):1301–1318. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80939-7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Golan D. E., Veatch W. Lateral mobility of band 3 in the human erythrocyte membrane studied by fluorescence photobleaching recovery: evidence for control by cytoskeletal interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):2537–2541. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hicks B. W., Angelides K. J. Tracking movements of lipids and Thy1 molecules in the plasmalemma of living fibroblasts by fluorescence video microscopy with nanometer scale precision. J Membr Biol. 1995 Apr;144(3):231–244. doi: 10.1007/BF00236836. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kucik D. F., Elson E. L., Sheetz M. P. Cell migration does not produce membrane flow. J Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;111(4):1617–1622. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.4.1617. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kusumi A., Sako Y., Yamamoto M. Confined lateral diffusion of membrane receptors as studied by single particle tracking (nanovid microscopy). Effects of calcium-induced differentiation in cultured epithelial cells. Biophys J. 1993 Nov;65(5):2021–2040. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81253-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lee S. Y., Karplus M., Bashford D., Weaver D. Brownian dynamics simulation of protein folding: a study of the diffusion-collision model. Biopolymers. 1987 Apr;26(4):481–506. doi: 10.1002/bip.360260404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McCammon J. A., Bacquet R. J., Allison S. A., Northrup S. H. Trajectory simulation studies of diffusion-controlled reactions. Faraday Discuss Chem Soc. 1987;(83):213–222. doi: 10.1039/dc9878300213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mecham R. P., Whitehouse L., Hay M., Hinek A., Sheetz M. P. Ligand affinity of the 67-kD elastin/laminin binding protein is modulated by the protein's lectin domain: visualization of elastin/laminin-receptor complexes with gold-tagged ligands. J Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;113(1):187–194. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.1.187. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nemirovsky AM, Mártin HO, Coutinho-Filho MD. Universality in the lattice-covering time problem. Phys Rev A. 1990 Jan 15;41(2):761–767. doi: 10.1103/physreva.41.761. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Qian H., Sheetz M. P., Elson E. L. Single particle tracking. Analysis of diffusion and flow in two-dimensional systems. Biophys J. 1991 Oct;60(4):910–921. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82125-7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sako Y., Kusumi A. Barriers for lateral diffusion of transferrin receptor in the plasma membrane as characterized by receptor dragging by laser tweezers: fence versus tether. J Cell Biol. 1995 Jun;129(6):1559–1574. doi: 10.1083/jcb.129.6.1559. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sako Y., Kusumi A. Compartmentalized structure of the plasma membrane for receptor movements as revealed by a nanometer-level motion analysis. J Cell Biol. 1994 Jun;125(6):1251–1264. doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.6.1251. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Saxton M. J. Lateral diffusion in an archipelago. Single-particle diffusion. Biophys J. 1993 Jun;64(6):1766–1780. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81548-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Saxton M. J. Lateral diffusion in an archipelago. The effect of mobile obstacles. Biophys J. 1987 Dec;52(6):989–997. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(87)83291-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Saxton M. J. Single-particle tracking: models of directed transport. Biophys J. 1994 Nov;67(5):2110–2119. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80694-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Saxton M. J. The spectrin network as a barrier to lateral diffusion in erythrocytes. A percolation analysis. Biophys J. 1989 Jan;55(1):21–28. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(89)82776-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schmidt C. E., Horwitz A. F., Lauffenburger D. A., Sheetz M. P. Integrin-cytoskeletal interactions in migrating fibroblasts are dynamic, asymmetric, and regulated. J Cell Biol. 1993 Nov;123(4):977–991. doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.4.977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sheetz M. P. Glycoprotein motility and dynamic domains in fluid plasma membranes. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1993;22:417–431. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.22.060193.002221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sheetz M. P. Membrane skeletal dynamics: role in modulation of red cell deformability, mobility of transmembrane proteins, and shape. Semin Hematol. 1983 Jul;20(3):175–188. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sheetz M. P., Schindler M., Koppel D. E. Lateral mobility of integral membrane proteins is increased in spherocytic erythrocytes. Nature. 1980 Jun 12;285(5765):510–511. doi: 10.1038/285510a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sheetz M. P., Turney S., Qian H., Elson E. L. Nanometre-level analysis demonstrates that lipid flow does not drive membrane glycoprotein movements. Nature. 1989 Jul 27;340(6231):284–288. doi: 10.1038/340284a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Svoboda K., Block S. M. Biological applications of optical forces. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1994;23:247–285. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bb.23.060194.001335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Tsuji A., Kawasaki K., Ohnishi S., Merkle H., Kusumi A. Regulation of band 3 mobilities in erythrocyte ghost membranes by protein association and cytoskeletal meshwork. Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 20;27(19):7447–7452. doi: 10.1021/bi00419a041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Tsuji A., Ohnishi S. Restriction of the lateral motion of band 3 in the erythrocyte membrane by the cytoskeletal network: dependence on spectrin association state. Biochemistry. 1986 Oct 7;25(20):6133–6139. doi: 10.1021/bi00368a045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ungewickell E., Gratzer W. Self-association of human spectrin. A thermodynamic and kinetic study. Eur J Biochem. 1978 Aug 1;88(2):379–385. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12459.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wang Y. L., Silverman J. D., Cao L. G. Single particle tracking of surface receptor movement during cell division. J Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;127(4):963–971. doi: 10.1083/jcb.127.4.963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Zhang F., Crise B., Su B., Hou Y., Rose J. K., Bothwell A., Jacobson K. Lateral diffusion of membrane-spanning and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins: toward establishing rules governing the lateral mobility of membrane proteins. J Cell Biol. 1991 Oct;115(1):75–84. doi: 10.1083/jcb.115.1.75. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Zhang F., Lee G. M., Jacobson K. Protein lateral mobility as a reflection of membrane microstructure. Bioessays. 1993 Sep;15(9):579–588. doi: 10.1002/bies.950150903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. de Brabander M., Nuydens R., Ishihara A., Holifield B., Jacobson K., Geerts H. Lateral diffusion and retrograde movements of individual cell surface components on single motile cells observed with Nanovid microscopy. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jan;112(1):111–124. doi: 10.1083/jcb.112.1.111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biophysical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biophysical Society

RESOURCES