1Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
2Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Ophthalmology and GRADE Reading Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
4Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
5Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA USA
6University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
© The Author(s) 2025
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