Skip to main content
PMC home page
Annals of Surgery logoLink to Annals of Surgery
. 1993 Nov;218(5):593–609. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199321850-00003

The vascular endothelium. A new horizon.

M G Davies 1, P O Hagen 1
PMCID: PMC1243029  PMID: 8239773

Full text

PDF
593

Images in this article

594Figure 1.
on p.594

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beckman J. S., Beckman T. W., Chen J., Marshall P. A., Freeman B. A. Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(4):1620–1624. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1620. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blasi F., Vassalli J. D., Danø K. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator: proenzyme, receptor, and inhibitors. J Cell Biol. 1987 Apr;104(4):801–804. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.4.801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Broze G. J., Jr, Girard T. J., Novotny W. F. Regulation of coagulation by a multivalent Kunitz-type inhibitor. Biochemistry. 1990 Aug 21;29(33):7539–7546. doi: 10.1021/bi00485a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bunting S., Gryglewski R., Moncada S., Vane J. R. Arterial walls generate from prostaglandin endoperoxides a substance (prostaglandin X) which relaxes strips of mesenteric and coeliac ateries and inhibits platelet aggregation. Prostaglandins. 1976 Dec;12(6):897–913. doi: 10.1016/0090-6980(76)90125-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bush H. L., Jr, Jakubowski J. A., Curl G. R., Deykin D., Nabseth D. C. The natural history of endothelial structure and function in arterialized vein grafts. J Vasc Surg. 1986 Feb;3(2):204–215. doi: 10.1067/mva.1986.avs0030204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Butcher E. C. Leukocyte-endothelial cell recognition: three (or more) steps to specificity and diversity. Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1033–1036. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90279-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bény J. L., Brunet P. C. Neither nitric oxide nor nitroglycerin accounts for all the characteristics of endothelially mediated vasodilatation of pig coronary arteries. Blood Vessels. 1988;25(6):308–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Clouse L. H., Comp P. C. The regulation of hemostasis: the protein C system. N Engl J Med. 1986 May 15;314(20):1298–1304. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198605153142006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Colwell J. A., Halushka P. V., Sarji K. E., Lopes-Virella M. F., Sagel J. Vascular disease in diabetes: pathophysiological mechanisms and therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1979 Feb;139(2):225–230. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cooke J. P., Singer A. H., Tsao P., Zera P., Rowan R. A., Billingham M. E. Antiatherogenic effects of L-arginine in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. J Clin Invest. 1992 Sep;90(3):1168–1172. doi: 10.1172/JCI115937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cox J. L., Chiasson D. A., Gotlieb A. I. Stranger in a strange land: the pathogenesis of saphenous vein graft stenosis with emphasis on structural and functional differences between veins and arteries. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1991 Jul-Aug;34(1):45–68. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(91)90019-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Davies P. F., Tripathi S. C. Mechanical stress mechanisms and the cell. An endothelial paradigm. Circ Res. 1993 Feb;72(2):239–245. doi: 10.1161/01.res.72.2.239. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dosne A. M., Dupuy E., Bodevin E. Production of a fibrinolytic inhibitor by cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein. Thromb Res. 1978 Mar;12(3):377–387. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(78)90309-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dzau V. J. Evolving concepts of the renin-angiotensin system. Focus on renal and vascular mechanisms. Am J Hypertens. 1988 Oct;1(4 Pt 2):334S–337S. doi: 10.1093/ajh/1.4.334s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dzau V. J., Gibbons G. H., Cooke J. P., Omoigui N. Vascular biology and medicine in the 1990s: scope, concepts, potentials, and perspectives. Circulation. 1993 Mar;87(3):705–719. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.87.3.705. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dzau V. J. Implications of local angiotensin production in cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology. Am J Cardiol. 1987 Jan 23;59(2):59A–65A. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90178-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dzau V. J. Vascular renin-angiotensin: a possible autocrine or paracrine system in control of vascular function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1984;6 (Suppl 2):S377–S382. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Feletou M., Vanhoutte P. M. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of canine coronary smooth muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1988 Mar;93(3):515–524. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb10306.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Florey The endothelial cell. Br Med J. 1966 Aug 27;2(5512):487–490. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5512.487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Fuchs J. C., Mitchener J. S., 3rd, Hagen P. O. Postoperative changes in autologous vein grafts. Ann Surg. 1978 Jul;188(1):1–15. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197807000-00001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Furchgott R. F., Vanhoutte P. M. Endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. FASEB J. 1989 Jul;3(9):2007–2018. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Furchgott R. F., Zawadzki J. V. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature. 1980 Nov 27;288(5789):373–376. doi: 10.1038/288373a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Fuster V., Badimon L., Badimon J. J., Chesebro J. H. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1). N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 23;326(4):242–250. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199201233260406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Fuster V., Badimon L., Badimon J. J., Chesebro J. H. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (2). N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 30;326(5):310–318. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199201303260506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Förstermann U., Pollock J. S., Schmidt H. H., Heller M., Murad F. Calmodulin-dependent endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide synthase activity is present in the particulate and cytosolic fractions of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 1;88(5):1788–1792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1788. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Gertler J. P., Abbott W. M. Prothrombotic and fibrinolytic function of normal and perturbed endothelium. J Surg Res. 1992 Jan;52(1):89–95. doi: 10.1016/0022-4804(92)90284-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Getz G. S. Report on the workshop on diabetes and mechanisms of atherogenesis. September 17th and 18th, 1992, Bethesda, Maryland. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993 Mar;13(3):459–464. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.13.3.459. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Bevilacqua M. P., Cybulsky M. I. Endothelial-dependent mechanisms of leukocyte adhesion in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;598:77–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42279.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ginsberg M. H., Loftus J. C., D'Souza S., Plow E. F. Ligand binding to integrins: common and ligand specific recognition mechanisms. Cell Differ Dev. 1990 Dec 2;32(3):203–213. doi: 10.1016/0922-3371(90)90033-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Harrison D. G., Armstrong M. L., Freiman P. C., Heistad D. D. Restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation by dietary treatment of atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Dec;80(6):1808–1811. doi: 10.1172/JCI113276. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ignarro L. J., Byrns R. E., Buga G. M., Wood K. S. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ Res. 1987 Dec;61(6):866–879. doi: 10.1161/01.res.61.6.866. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Inoue A., Yanagisawa M., Kimura S., Kasuya Y., Miyauchi T., Goto K., Masaki T. The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(8):2863–2867. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.8.2863. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ip J. H., Fuster V., Badimon L., Badimon J., Taubman M. B., Chesebro J. H. Syndromes of accelerated atherosclerosis: role of vascular injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 Jun;15(7):1667–1687. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(90)92845-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Jaffe E. A., Nachman R. L., Becker C. G., Minick C. R. Culture of human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. Identification by morphologic and immunologic criteria. J Clin Invest. 1973 Nov;52(11):2745–2756. doi: 10.1172/JCI107470. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Johnson D. E., Gao S. Z., Schroeder J. S., DeCampli W. M., Billingham M. E. The spectrum of coronary artery pathologic findings in human cardiac allografts. J Heart Transplant. 1989 Sep-Oct;8(5):349–359. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Kassell N. F., Drake C. G. Timing of aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery. 1982 Apr;10(4):514–519. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198204000-00019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Katusic Z. S., Vanhoutte P. M. Superoxide anion is an endothelium-derived contracting factor. Am J Physiol. 1989 Jul;257(1 Pt 2):H33–H37. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.1.H33. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Komori K., Okadome K., Sugimachi K. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor and vein grafts. Br J Surg. 1991 Sep;78(9):1027–1030. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800780903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Koshland D. E., Jr The molecule of the year. Science. 1992 Dec 18;258(5090):1861–1861. doi: 10.1126/science.1470903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Lee P. C., Gibbons G. H., Dzau V. J. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary artery restenosis. Coron Artery Dis. 1993 Mar;4(3):254–259. doi: 10.1097/00019501-199303000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Lefer A. M., Ma X. L. Cytokines and growth factors in endothelial dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 1993 Feb;21(2 Suppl):S9–14. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199302001-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Lefer A. M., Tsao P. S., Lefer D. J., Ma X. L. Role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury after myocardial ischemia. FASEB J. 1991 Apr;5(7):2029–2034. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.5.7.2010056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Lerman A., Hildebrand F. L., Jr, Margulies K. B., O'Murchu B., Perrella M. A., Heublein D. M., Schwab T. R., Burnett J. C., Jr Endothelin: a new cardiovascular regulatory peptide. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990 Nov;65(11):1441–1455. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62168-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Lilly L. S., Pratt R. E., Alexander R. W., Larson D. M., Ellison K. E., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Dzau V. J. Renin expression by vascular endothelial cells in culture. Circ Res. 1985 Aug;57(2):312–318. doi: 10.1161/01.res.57.2.312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Linz W., Schölkens B. A. Role of bradykinin in the cardiac effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992;20 (Suppl 9):S83–S90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Loskutoff D. J., Sawdey M., Mimuro J. Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor. Prog Hemost Thromb. 1989;9:87–115. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Lüscher T. F., Diederich D., Siebenmann R., Lehmann K., Stulz P., von Segesser L., Yang Z. H., Turina M., Grädel E., Weber E. Difference between endothelium-dependent relaxation in arterial and in venous coronary bypass grafts. N Engl J Med. 1988 Aug 25;319(8):462–467. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198808253190802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Lüscher T. F. Imbalance of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. A new concept in hypertension? Am J Hypertens. 1990 Apr;3(4):317–330. doi: 10.1093/ajh/3.4.317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Mannick J. A. Improved limb salvage from modern infrainguinal artery bypass techniques. Surgery. 1992 Apr;111(4):361–362. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Marcus A. J. Stratton lecture 1989. Thrombosis and inflammation as multicellular processes: pathophysiologic significance of transcellular metabolism. Blood. 1990 Nov 15;76(10):1903–1907. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Masaki T., Kimura S., Yanagisawa M., Goto K. Molecular and cellular mechanism of endothelin regulation. Implications for vascular function. Circulation. 1991 Oct;84(4):1457–1468. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.84.4.1457. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. McBride W., Lange R. A., Hillis L. D. Restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty. Pathophysiology and prevention. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1734–1737. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198806303182606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Munro J. M., Cotran R. S. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: atherogenesis and inflammation. Lab Invest. 1988 Mar;58(3):249–261. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Nakazono K., Watanabe N., Matsuno K., Sasaki J., Sato T., Inoue M. Does superoxide underlie the pathogenesis of hypertension? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10045–10048. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.22.10045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Palmer R. M., Ashton D. S., Moncada S. Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):664–666. doi: 10.1038/333664a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Panza J. A., Quyyumi A. A., Brush J. E., Jr, Epstein S. E. Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jul 5;323(1):22–27. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199007053230105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Pearson P. J., Schaff H. V., Vanhoutte P. M. Long-term impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations to aggregating platelets after reperfusion injury in canine coronary arteries. Circulation. 1990 Jun;81(6):1921–1927. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.81.6.1921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Pratt B. M., Form D., Madri J. A. Endothelial cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;460:274–288. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb51175.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Quillen J. E., Sellke F. W., Brooks L. A., Harrison D. G. Ischemia-reperfusion impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary microvessels but does not affect large arteries. Circulation. 1990 Aug;82(2):586–594. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.82.2.586. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis--an update. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):488–500. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198602203140806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Rubanyi G. M., Vanhoutte P. M. Hypoxia releases a vasoconstrictor substance from the canine vascular endothelium. J Physiol. 1985 Jul;364:45–56. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015728. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Rubanyi G. M., Vanhoutte P. M. Superoxide anions and hyperoxia inactivate endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Am J Physiol. 1986 May;250(5 Pt 2):H822–H827. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.5.H822. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Rubanyi G. M. Vascular effects of oxygen-derived free radicals. Free Radic Biol Med. 1988;4(2):107–120. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(88)90071-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Ruderman N. B., Haudenschild C. Diabetes as an atherogenic factor. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1984 Mar-Apr;26(5):373–412. doi: 10.1016/0033-0620(84)90011-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Ruoslahti E. Integrins. J Clin Invest. 1991 Jan;87(1):1–5. doi: 10.1172/JCI114957. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Sakuma I., Stuehr D. J., Gross S. S., Nathan C., Levi R. Identification of arginine as a precursor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Nov;85(22):8664–8667. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.22.8664. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Salomon R. N., Hughes C. C., Schoen F. J., Payne D. D., Pober J. S., Libby P. Human coronary transplantation-associated arteriosclerosis. Evidence for a chronic immune reaction to activated graft endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 1991 Apr;138(4):791–798. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Schwartz S. M., Heimark R. L., Majesky M. W. Developmental mechanisms underlying pathology of arteries. Physiol Rev. 1990 Oct;70(4):1177–1209. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1990.70.4.1177. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Seegers W. H., Novoa E., Henry R. L., Hassouna H. I. Relationship of "new" vitamin K-dependent Protein C and "old" autoprothrombin II-a. Thromb Res. 1976 May;8(5):543–552. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(76)90236-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Sheridan F. M., Dauber I. M., McMurtry I. F., Lesnefsky E. J., Horwitz L. D. Role of leukocytes in coronary vascular endothelial injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. Circ Res. 1991 Dec;69(6):1566–1574. doi: 10.1161/01.res.69.6.1566. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Shimokawa H., Flavahan N. A., Vanhoutte P. M. Natural course of the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations after balloon endothelium removal in porcine coronary arteries. Possible dysfunction of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Circ Res. 1989 Sep;65(3):740–753. doi: 10.1161/01.res.65.3.740. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Springer T. A. Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature. 1990 Aug 2;346(6283):425–434. doi: 10.1038/346425a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Steinberg D., Parthasarathy S., Carew T. E., Khoo J. C., Witztum J. L. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 6;320(14):915–924. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198904063201407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Suzuki M., Ohyama Y., Satoh S. Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and inactivation of bradykinin in canine peripheral vascular beds. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1984 Mar-Apr;6(2):244–250. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198403000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. TODD A. S. The histological localisation of fibrinolysin activator. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1959 Jul;78:281–283. doi: 10.1002/path.1700780131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Tonnesen M. G. Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions: mechanisms of neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelium. J Invest Dermatol. 1989 Aug;93(2 Suppl):53S–58S. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12581069. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Vallance P., Calver A., Collier J. The vascular endothelium in diabetes and hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl. 1992 Apr;10(1):S25–S29. doi: 10.1097/00004872-199204001-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Vane J. R., Anggård E. E., Botting R. M. Regulatory functions of the vascular endothelium. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jul 5;323(1):27–36. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199007053230106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Vanhoutte P. M. The endothelium--modulator of vascular smooth-muscle tone. N Engl J Med. 1988 Aug 25;319(8):512–513. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198808253190809. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Yanagisawa M., Kurihara H., Kimura S., Tomobe Y., Kobayashi M., Mitsui Y., Yazaki Y., Goto K., Masaki T. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988 Mar 31;332(6163):411–415. doi: 10.1038/332411a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. van Hinsbergh V. W. Regulation of the synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activators by endothelial cells. Haemostasis. 1988;18(4-6):307–327. doi: 10.1159/000215814. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Annals of Surgery are provided here courtesy of Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins

RESOURCES