Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1981;319:295–309. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013909

Inward rectification in frog skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence on membrane potential and external potassium.

C A Leech, P R Stanfield
PMCID: PMC1243839  PMID: 6976432

Abstract

1. Experiments were carried out using a voltage-clamp technique to investigate the dependence of inward rectification on membrane potential and on the equilibrium potential for K+, changed either by changing [K]o or changing [K]i. 2. The relationship between gK, the potassium chord conductance, and membrane potential depended on membrane potential and [K]o, but not on [K]i. 3. Under hyperpolarization, K currents increased with time, but instantaneous current-voltage relations also showed inward rectification. The time constants for activation fell with hyperpolarization, e -fold for an 18 mV change in membrane potential. 4. The time constants for activation depended on [K]o but not on [K]i. 5. Under depolarization, the activation of K currents was partly reversed, but between activation and membrane potential, determined from two-pulse experiments, also appeared to depend on [K]o but not on [K]i. 5. Under depolarization, the activation of K currents was partly reversed, but between activation and membrane potential, determined from two-pulse experiments, also appeared to depend on [K]o but not on [K]i. 6. The rate of activation of K currents under hyperpolarization had a Q10 of 2.64 +/- 0.08 (n = 5). Currents, measured per unit length, increased with temperature, with a Q10 of 1.66 +/- 0.11 (n = 5).

Full text

PDF
295

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ADRIAN R. H., FREYGANG W. H. Potassium conductance of frog muscle membrane under controlled voltage. J Physiol. 1962 Aug;163:104–114. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ADRIAN R. H. The effect of internal and external potassium concentration on the membrane potential of frog muscle. J Physiol. 1956 Sep 27;133(3):631–658. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1956.sp005615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Adrian R. H., Chandler W. K., Hodgkin A. L. Slow changes in potassium permeability in skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 1970 Jul;208(3):645–668. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009140. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Adrian R. H., Chandler W. K., Hodgkin A. L. Voltage clamp experiments in striated muscle fibres. J Physiol. 1970 Jul;208(3):607–644. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009139. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Adrian R. H., Freygang W. H. The potassium and chloride conductance of frog muscle membrane. J Physiol. 1962 Aug;163(1):61–103. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Almers W. Potassium conductance changes in skeletal muscle and the potassium concentration in the transverse tubules. J Physiol. 1972 Aug;225(1):33–56. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009928. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Almers W. The decline of potassium permeability during extreme hyperpolarization in frog skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 1972 Aug;225(1):57–83. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Armstrong C. M. Potassium pores of nerve and muscle membranes. Membranes. 1975;3:325–358. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brehm P., Eckert R. Calcium entry leads to inactivation of calcium channel in Paramecium. Science. 1978 Dec 15;202(4373):1203–1206. doi: 10.1126/science.103199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ciani S., Krasne S., Miyazaki S., Hagiwara S. A model for anomalous rectification: electrochemical-potential-dependent gating of membrane channels. J Membr Biol. 1978 Dec 15;44(2):103–134. doi: 10.1007/BF01976035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cleemann L., Morad M. Potassium currents in frog ventricular muscle: evidence from voltage clamp currents and extracellular K accumulation. J Physiol. 1979 Jan;286:113–143. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012609. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gorman A. L., Thomas M. V. Potassium conductance and internal calcium accumulation in a molluscan neurone. J Physiol. 1980 Nov;308:287–313. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013472. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HODGKIN A. L., HOROWICZ P. The influence of potassium and chloride ions on the membrane potential of single muscle fibres. J Physiol. 1959 Oct;148:127–160. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006278. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hagiwara S., Miyazaki S., Krasne S., Ciani S. Anomalous permeabilities of the egg cell membrane of a starfish in K+-Tl+ mixtures. J Gen Physiol. 1977 Sep;70(3):269–281. doi: 10.1085/jgp.70.3.269. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hagiwara S., Miyazaki S., Rosenthal N. P. Potassium current and the effect of cesium on this current during anomalous rectification of the egg cell membrane of a starfish. J Gen Physiol. 1976 Jun;67(6):621–638. doi: 10.1085/jgp.67.6.621. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hagiwara S., Takahashi K. The anomalous rectification and cation selectivity of the membrane of a starfish egg cell. J Membr Biol. 1974;18(1):61–80. doi: 10.1007/BF01870103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hagiwara S., Yoshii M. Effect of temperature on the anomalous rectification of the membrane of the egg of the starfish, Mediaster aequalis. J Physiol. 1980 Oct;307:517–527. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013451. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hagiwara S., Yoshii M. Effects of internal potassium and sodium on the anomalous rectification of the starfish egg as examined by internal perfusion. J Physiol. 1979 Jul;292:251–265. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hille B. Ionic selectivity, saturation, and block in sodium channels. A four-barrier model. J Gen Physiol. 1975 Nov;66(5):535–560. doi: 10.1085/jgp.66.5.535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hille B., Schwarz W. Potassium channels as multi-ion single-file pores. J Gen Physiol. 1978 Oct;72(4):409–442. doi: 10.1085/jgp.72.4.409. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hodgkin A. L., Nakajima S. The effect of diameter on the electrical constants of frog skeletal muscle fibres. J Physiol. 1972 Feb;221(1):105–120. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009742. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Meech R. W., Standen N. B. Potassium activation in Helix aspersa neurones under voltage clamp: a component mediated by calcium influx. J Physiol. 1975 Jul;249(2):211–239. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011012. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ohmori H. Inactivation kinetics and steady-state current noise in the anomalous rectifier of tunicate egg cell membranes. J Physiol. 1978 Aug;281:77–99. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Standen N. B., Stanfield P. R. A potential- and time-dependent blockade of inward rectification in frog skeletal muscle fibres by barium and strontium ions. J Physiol. 1978 Jul;280:169–191. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Standen N. B., Stanfield P. R. Inward rectification in skeletal muscle: a blocking particle model. Pflugers Arch. 1978 Dec 28;378(2):173–176. doi: 10.1007/BF00584452. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Standen N. B., Stanfield P. R. Potassium depletion and sodium block of potassium currents under hyperpolarization in frog sartorius muscle. J Physiol. 1979 Sep;294:497–520. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Standen N. B., Stanfield P. R. Rubidium block and rubidium permeability of the inward rectifier of frog skeletal muscle fibres. J Physiol. 1980 Jul;304:415–435. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013333. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Stanfield P. R., Ashcroft F. M., Plant T. D. Gating of a muscle K+ channel and its dependence on the permeating ion species. Nature. 1981 Feb 5;289(5797):509–511. doi: 10.1038/289509a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Tillotson D. Inactivation of Ca conductance dependent on entry of Ca ions in molluscan neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1497–1500. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.3.1497. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Urban B. W., Hladky S. B. Ion transport in the simplest single file pore. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Jul 5;554(2):410–429. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(79)90381-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES