Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) from the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee, 2025

Abstract

RNA viruses are ubiquitous in the environment and are important pathogens of humans, animals and plants. In 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee submitted 18 taxonomic proposals for consideration. These proposals expanded the known virosphere by classifying 9 new genera and 88 species for newly detected virus genomes. Of note, newly established species expand the large family of Rhabdoviridae to 580 species. A new species in the family Arenaviridae includes a virus detected in Antarctic fish with a unique split nucleoprotein ORF. Additionally, four new species were established for historically isolated viruses with previously unsequenced genomes. Furthermore, three species were abolished due to incomplete genome sequence information, and one family was moved from being unassigned in the phylum Negarnaviricota into a subphylum and order. Herein, we summarize the 18 ratified taxonomic proposals and the general features of the current taxonomy, thereby supporting public and animal health responses.

Introduction

RNA viruses are widely distributed and infect a broad variety of hosts. As technological advancements in high-throughput sequencing and data analysis have exponentially expanded in the twenty-first century, so has the RNA virome [1]. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses Subcommittee (SC) was established in 2014 to develop a taxonomy for RNA viruses detected in the kingdom Animalia. Study Groups within the Subcommittee are responsible for many viral families in the phyla Negarnaviricota (orders: Muvirales, Jingchuvirales, Mononegavirales, Goujianvirales, Elliovirales, Hareavirales and Articulavirales) and Duplornaviricota (orders: Reovirales and Ghabrivirales) and the realm Ribozyviria.

The phylum Negarnaviricota, the largest taxon falling within the SC’s remit, comprises viruses that predominantly have ssRNA(−) genomes, though some have an ambisense coding arrangement. Animal viruses assigned to this phylum exhibit a diversity of genome organizations (e.g. non-segmented or containing two to eight segments, linear or circular); however, all viruses within this phylum encode homologous RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRP) that form a strongly supported clade in the RdRP phylogenetic tree of the kingdom Orthornavirae [2]. The subphylum Haploviricotina is distinguished by viruses that encode an RdRP with mRNA capping activity [3]. Families such as Artoviridae, Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, Lispiviridae and Rhabdoviridae are classified within this subphylum in the order Mononegavirales. Families such as Hantaviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phasmaviridae, Arenaviridae and Leishbuviridae are classified in the subphylum Polyploviricotina, distinguished by viruses that have an RdRP with cap-snatching activity [3] and include the orders Elliovirales, Hareavirales and Articulavirales.

Tosoviridae includes a single species for a virus isolated from sea turtles [4]. This virus has a bi-segmented ssRNA(−) genome similar to certain polyploviricotines. However, phylogenetic analysis cannot definitively place this family in a subphylum, and so it is classified as an unassigned negarnaviricot.

The phylum Duplornaviricota includes viruses that possess dsRNA genomes and can be further characterized by the presence of an unusual T=1 capsid [5]. Viruses in this phylum that infect animals have genomes that are either non-segmented or have 9 to 12 segments. Viruses of the family Sedoreoviridae (order: Reovirales) have genomes of 10–12 dsRNA segments and virions that have a characteristic ‘smooth’ appearance [6] in contrast to viruses in the reoviral family, Spinareoviridae.

This summary includes the ratified taxonomic proposals from 2024 for the Animal dsRNA and ssRNA(−) Viruses SC and is not a comprehensive summary of all taxonomy proposals for dsRNA and ssRNA(−) viruses since some are covered by the Plant Viruses SC [7] and Fungal and Protist Viruses SC [8].

A file including all the Tables of taxonomic changes below is available as a supplementary file to this article.

Contents

• 2024.001M.Alpharhabdovirinae_1ng_11nsp

• 2024.002M.Antennavirus_1nsp

• 2024.003M.Artoviridae_4nsp

• 2024.004M.Bornaviridae_3nsp

• 2024.005M.Cardoreovirus_1nsp

• 2024.006M.Deltarhabdovirinae_4nsp

• 2024.007M.Filoviridae_1nsp

• 2024.008M.Lispiviridae_5ngen_11nsp

• 2024.009M.Mammarenavirus_1nsp

• 2024.010M.Orthobunyavirus_4nsp

• 2024.011M.Orthohantavirus_1nsp

• 2024.012M.Orthohantavirus_1nsp

• 2024.013M.Phasmaviridae_4nsp_3ab_2rn

• 2024.014M.Platrhavirus_2ng_30nsp

• 2024.015M.Rotavirus_2nsp

• 2024.016M.Sedoreoviridae_1ng_3nsp

• 2024.017M.Shilevirus_10nsp

• 2024.018M.Tosoviridae_move

2024.001M.Alpharhabdovirinae_1ng_11nsp

Title: In the subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae, create nine new species in six existing genera (Alphapaprhavirus, Sigmavirus, Merhavirus, Tupavirus, Alphanemrhavirus, Alpharicinrhavirus), rename the existing genus Thriprhavirus (as Alphathriprhavirus), and create the new genus Betathriprhavirus including two new species (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae)

Authors: Walker PJ (peter.walker@uq.edu.au), Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Freitas-Astúa J, Ramos-González PL, Kondo H, Kurath G, Shi M, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Genus and species (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae: Alpharhabdovirinae)

• Description of current taxonomy

• The subfamily Alpharhabdovirinae currently comprises 33 genera and 235 species.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Create nine new species in six existing genera (Alphapaprhavirus, Sigmavirus, Merhavirus, Tupavirus, Alphanemrhavirus and Alpharicinrhavirus) for viruses recently detected in bats, shrew or various invertebrates by metagenomic sequencing. Rename the existing genus Thriprhavirus (as Alphathriprhavirus), and create a new genus Betathriprhavirus including two new species for viruses detected in thrips by metagenomic sequencing.

• Justification

• The viruses cluster phylogenetically with others in the existing or proposed genera in maximum likelihood trees inferred using L protein sequences. All new species in existing genera meet established demarcation criteria. The proposed renamed and new genera for viruses detected in thrips are well-separated phylogenetically.

• Submitted: 09/06/24

Table 1. Alpharhabdovirinae, 12 new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Genus	Betathriprhavirus
New taxon	Species	Betathriprhavirus variabilis	soybean thrips rhabdo-like virus 1	MT224147
New taxon	Species	Betathriprhavirus midwest	soybean thrips rhabdo-like virus 2	MT224148
New taxon	Species	Alphapaprhavirus gata	Gata virus	KX852388
New taxon	Species	Alphapaprhavirus orgi	Orgi virus	KX852386
New taxon	Species	Sigmavirus hangzhou	Hangzhou rhabdovirus 4	MZ209737
New taxon	Species	Sigmavirus dorsalis	Bactrocera dorsalis sigmavirus	MN745080
New taxon	Species	Tupavirus wufeng	Wufeng bat tupavirus 2	OQ715690
New taxon	Species	Alpharicinrhavirus heilongjiang	Tahe rhabdovirus 2	ON408171
New taxon	Species	Merhavirus subalbatus	Armigeres subalbatus rhabdovirus	LC775065
New taxon	Species	Merhavirus cambodia	Cambodia Anophales rhabdovirus	OR479699
New taxon	Species	Alphanemrhavirus wufeng	Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 1	OQ715689

Table 2. Alpharhabdovirinae, one rename taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Previous taxon name
Rename taxon	Genus	Alphathriprhavirus	Thriprhavirus

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.001M.Alpharhabdovirinae_1ng_11nsp.zip.

2024.002M.Antennavirus_1nsp

Title: Create one new species in genus Antennavirus (Hareavirales; Arenaviridae)

Authors: Grimwood RG (rebecca.grimwood@postgrad.otago.ac.nz), Geoghegan JL, Kuhn JH

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Hareavirales: Arenaviridae: Antennavirus

• Description of current taxonomy

• There are currently three recognized species in the genus Antennavirus.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Establishment of one new species in genus Antennavirus for Ross Sea rockcod virus, identified in a scaly rockcod (Trematomus loennbergii Regan, 1913) and a slender scalyhead (Trematomus lepidorhinus (Paul Pappenheim, 1911)) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica.

• Submitted: 06/06/24.

Table 3. Antennavirus, one new taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Antennavirus trematomi	Ross Sea rockcod virus	L: PP590693; M: PP590768; S: PP590769

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.002M.Antennavirus_1nsp.zip.

2024.003M.Artoviridae_4nsp

Title: Create two new species in genus Peropuvirus and two new species in genus Hexartovirus (Mononegavirales: Artoviridae)

Authors: Økland, AL (arnfinn.lodden.okland@zoetis.com), Kuhn, J, Ye, G, Vasilakis, N

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Species

• Description of current taxonomy

• The family Artoviridae currently includes two genera, Hexartovirus (two species) and Peropuvirus (seven species).

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Create two new species in genus Hexartovirus and two new species in genus Peropuvirus.

• Justification

• The viruses proposed to be assigned to novel species have a minimum amino acid divergence of 44 % in their L proteins compared to classified family members and occupy different ecological niches.

• Submitted: 21/06/2024

Table 4. Artoviridae, four new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Peropuvirus pteropi	bat faecal-associated arto-like virus 2	ON872573
New taxon	Species	Peropuvirus wufengense	Wùfēng shrew peropuvirus 1	OQ715590
New taxon	Species	Hexartovirus caligi	Caligus clemensi hexartovirus 1	MZ484467
New taxon	Species	Hexartovirus artemiae	brine shrimp artovirus 1	OL472418

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.003M.Artoviridae_4nsp.zip.

2024.004M.Bornaviridae_3nsp

Title: Create three new species in the family Bornaviridae (Mononegavirales)

Authors: Briese T, Dürrwald R, Horie M, Hyndman TH, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Kuhn JH, Nowotny N, Pfaff F (florian.pfaff@fli.de), Rubbenstroth D, Tomonaga K

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Genus (Cultervirus, Orthobornavirus)

• Description of current taxonomy

• Riboviria: Orthornavirae: Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes: Mononegavirales: Bornaviridae: Cultervirus (three species) and Orthobornavirus (nine species).

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Add two new species to genus Cultervirus (Cultervirus harpadoni, Cultervirus poeciliae) and add one new species to genus Orthobornavirus (Orthobornavirus iridiscincum).

• Justification

• The proposed new species are based on newly released genome sequences in GenBank that meet the current bornavirid species demarcation criteria.

• Submitted: 21/06/24; Revised: 20/09/24

Table 5. Bornaviridae, three new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Cultervirus poeciliae	Pará molly bornavirus	BK063657
New taxon	Species	Cultervirus harpadoni	Bombay duck fish bornavirus	BK063658
New taxon	Species	Orthobornavirus iridiscincum	Carlia munda bornavirus	PP711183

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.004M.Bornaviridae_3nsp.zip.

2024.005M.Cardoreovirus_1nsp

Title: Create one new species in the genus Cardoreovirus (Reovirales: Sedoreoviridae)

Authors: Zhao M (mzhao@rvc.ac.uk), Schott E (schott@umces.edu), Tavares C

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Cardoreovirus genus

• Description of current taxonomy

• The genus Cardoreovirus currently has only one species, Cardoreovirus eriocheiris, whose exemplar member is Eriocheir sinensis reovirus (EsRV).

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• A new species (Cardoreovirus callinectes) belonging to the Cardoreovirus genus should be established.

• Justification

• The exemplar virus (Callinectes sapidus reovirus 2, CsRV2) of the proposed new species – Cardoreovirus callinectes – exhibits amino acid sequence similarities ranging from 46 to 79% for segments 1–12 compared to EsRV in the established species Cardoreovirus eriocheiris. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree indicates that CsRV2 falls on a different branch but within the same clade as EsRV, suggesting that a new species should be classified within the Cardoreovirus genus.

• Submitted: 14/06/24

Table 6. Cardoreovirus, one new taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Cardoreovirus callinectes	Callinectes sapidus reovirus 2	MW208677; MW208678; MW208679; MW208680; MW208681; MW208682; MW208683; MW208684; MW208685: MW208686; MW208687; MW208688

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.005M.Cardoreovirus_1nsp.zip.

2024.006M.Deltarhabdovirinae_4nsp

Title: In the subfamily Deltarhabdovirinae, create one new species in the genus Stangrhavirus, one new species in the genus Primrhavirus and two new species in the genus Alphahymrhavirus

Authors: Walker PJ (peter.walker@uq.edu.au), Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Freitas-Astúa J, Ramos-González PL, Kondo H, Kurath G, Shi M, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Species (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae: Deltarhabdovirinae)

• Description of current taxonomy

• The subfamily Deltarhabdovirinae currently comprises 11 genera including 34 species for viruses detected in various invertebrates (arthropods, nematodes and crustaceans).

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Create four new species in the subfamily Deltarhabdovirinae, one in the genus Stangrhavirus for a virus detected in mosquitoes, one in the genus Primrhavirus for a virus detected in mosquitoes and two in the genus Alphahymrhavirus for viruses detected in ants and wasps.

• Justification

• The viruses cluster phylogenetically with others in the existing genera in ML trees inferred using L protein sequences. All new species meet established demarcation criteria for the genera.

• Submitted: 09/06/24

Table 7. Deltarhabdovirinae, four new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Stangrhavirus yunnan	Xiangyun mono-chu-like virus 11	OL700136
New taxon	Species	Primrhavirus yunnan	Xiangyun mono-chu-like virus 4	OL700129
New taxon	Species	Alphahymrhavirus electrico	electric ant rhabdovirus	OP518027
New taxon	Species	Alphahymrhavirus ectemnius	Ectemnius rhabdovirus	BK063699

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.006M.Deltarhabdovirinae_4nsp.zip.

2024.007M.Filoviridae_1nsp

Title: Create one new species in the genus Dianlovirus (Mononegavirales: Filoviridae)

Authors: Kuhn, JH (kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov), Liu, Y, Bao, Y

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Genus (Dianlovirus)

• Description of current taxonomy

• Riboviria: Orthornavirae: Negarnaviricota: Haploviricotina: Monjiviricetes: Mononegavirales: Filoviridae: Dianlovirus: Dianlovirus menglaense

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Add one species (Dianlovirus dehongense)

• Justification

• The complete genome sequence of Déhóng virus (DEHV) fulfils the pairwise-sequence-based demarcation criterion for the establishment of a novel species.

• Submitted: 21/06/24; Revised: 17/09/24

Table 8. Filoviridae, one new taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Dianlovirus dehongense	Déhóng virus	OP924273

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.007M.Filoviridae_1nsp.zip.

2024.008M.Lispiviridae_5ngen_11nsp

Title: Create five new genera and eleven new species in the family Lispiviridae (Mononegavirales)

Authors: Li JM (lijunmin@nbu.edu.cn), Ye GY, Wang F, Ye ZX

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Mononegaviral family Lispiviridae.

• Description of current taxonomy

• Currently, the family Lispiviridae includes 25 genera and 34 species

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• We propose the creation of 5 new genera and 11 new species to be included in the mononegaviral family Lispiviridae.

• Justification

• Genus (and species) demarcation is proposed to be based on coding-complete genome sequence analyses, phylogenetic analyses and pairwise sequence comparisons similar to established genus/species demarcation criteria for other mononegaviral families.

• Submitted: 05/06/24; Revised: 04/07/24

Table 9. Lispiviridae, 16 new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Genus	Artemvirus
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsafialis	brine shrimp arlivirus 1	OL472403
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsasecalis	brine shrimp arlivirus 2	OL472404
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsathalis	brine shrimp arlivirus 3	OL472405
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsafalis	brine shrimp arlivirus 4	OL472406
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsafivalis	brine shrimp arlivirus 5	OL472407
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsasialis	brine shrimp arlivirus 6	OL472411
New taxon	Species	Artemvirus bsaeighalis	brine shrimp arlivirus 8	OL472416
New taxon	Genus	Canmovirus
New taxon	Species	Canmovirus mahaense	Pedras lispivirus	OQ779241
New taxon	Genus	Coroavirus
New taxon	Species	Coroavirus germense	blattodean arli-related virus OKIAV101	MT153397
New taxon	Genus	Robevirus
New taxon	Species	Robevirus hanzense	Hángzhōu lispivirus 1	MZ209712
New taxon	Genus	Weflthvirus
New taxon	Species	Weflthvirus itaense	Frankliniella occidentalis associated mononegavirales virus 1	MN714688

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.008M.Lispiviridae_5ngen_11nsp.zip.

2024.009M.Mammarenavirus_1nsp

Title: Create one new species in the genus Mammarenavirus (Hareavirales: Arenaviridae)

Authors: Shedroff ES, Martin ML, Whitmer SLM (Evk3@cdc.gov), Brignone J, Garcia JB, Sen C, Nazar Y, Fabbri C, Morales-Betoulle M, Mendez JA, Montgomery JM, Morales MA, Klena JD

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Hareavirales: Arenaviridae: Mammarenavirus

• Description of current taxonomy

• Eleven genomes representing four species within American mammarenavirus clade C were present in public records. An additional 13 clade C mammarenavirus genomes were added to public records following the sequencing of mammarenavirus-positive rodent samples collected in Argentina from 1990 to 2020.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Establishment of one new species in genus Mammarenavirus for a virus named vello virus, identified following the sequencing of mammarenavirus-positive rodent samples collected in Argentina from 1990 to 2020.

• Justification

• Two of the L segment sequences of 13 clade C mammarenavirus genomes identified following the sequencing of mammarenavirus-positive rodent samples collected in Argentina from 1990 to 2020, meet current demarcation species criteria for the genus Mammarenavirus. We propose the two isolates described by Shedroff et al. [9] to represent a virus named ‘vello virus’ and to assign this virus to a new species, Mammarenavirus vello.

• Submitted: 24/05/2024

Table 10. Mammarenavirus, one new taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Mammarenavirus vello	vello virus	L: OR844405; S: OR844394

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.009M.Mammarenavirus_1nsp.zip.

2024.010M.Orthobunyavirus_4nsp

Title: Create four new species in the genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae

Authors: de Souza WM (wmdesouza@uky.edu), Calisher C, Carrera JP, Hughes HR, Nunes MRT, Russell B, Tilston-Lunel NL, Venter M, Xia H

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Species

• Description of current taxonomy

• The Peribunyaviridae family includes 148 viral species, classified into 8 genera: Gryffinivirus (2 species), Herbevirus (3 species), Khurdivirus (1 species), Lakivirus (1 species), Lambavirus (1 species), Orthobunyavirus (134 species), Pacuvirus (5 species) and Shangavirus (1 species).

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• We propose the demarcation of four new species in the genus Orthobunyavirus.

• Justification

• Based on the current demarcation criteria of <96 % identity of L protein amino acid sequence marking a new species, we propose the demarcation of two new species in the genus Orthobunyavirus (Peribunyaviridae).

• Submitted: 11/06/24; Revised: 12/08/24

Table 11. Orthobunyavirus, 4 new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Orthobunyavirus taniyamense	Taniyama virus	S: LC698002; M: LC698003; L: LC698004
New taxon	Species	Orthobunyavirus lichuanense	Lichuan virus	S: MT198371; M: MT198372; L: MT198373
New taxon	Species	Orthobunyavirus indianense	I612045 virus	S: HM627180; M: HM627181; L: HM627182
New taxon	Species	Orthobunyavirus taiense	Tai orthobunyavirus	S: OQ031275; M: OQ031274; L: OQ031273

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.010M.Orthobunyavirus_4nsp.zip.

2024.011M.Orthohantavirus_1nsp

Title: Create one new species in the genus Orthohantavirus (Elliovirales: Hantaviridae): Orthohantavirus ozarkense

Authors: Mull N (nmull@shawnee.edu), Erdin M, Smura T, Sironen T, Forbes KM

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Hantaviridae: Orthohantavirus

• Description of current taxonomy

• 35 established species

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Addition of one new species

• Justification

• Using a coding-complete genome sequence comprising all three genomic segments, we demonstrate that a virus (Ozark virus, OZAV) discovered in hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825) sampled in the Ozark Plateau, Arkansas, USA, is a genetically distinct orthohantavirus. We propose a novel species, Orthohantavirus ozarkense, to include OZAV.

• Submitted: 12/05/24

Table 12. Orthohantavirus, one new taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Orthohantavirus ozarkense	Ozark virus	S: PP434897; M: PP434896; L: PP4348921

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.011M.Orthohantavirus_1nsp.zip.

2024.012M.Orthohantavirus_1nsp

Title: Create one new species in the genus Orthohantavirus (Elliovirales: Hantaviridae): Orthohantavirus sagercreekense

Authors: Mull N (nmull@shawnee.edu), Erdin M, Letko M, Seifert S, Sironen T, Smura T, Forbes KM

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Hantaviridae: Orthohantavirus

• Description of current taxonomy

• 35 established species

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Addition of one new species

• Justification

• Using a coding-complete genome sequence comprising all three genomic segments, we demonstrate that a virus (Sager Creek virus, SACRV) discovered in prairie voles (Microtus (Pedomys) ochrogaster (Wagner, 1842)) sampled in the Ozark Plateau, Arkansas, USA, is a genetically unique orthohantavirus. We propose a novel species, Orthohantavirus sagercreekense, to include SACRV.

• Submitted: 12/05/24

Table 13. Orthohantavirus, one new taxon*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Orthohantavirus sagercreekense	Sager Creek virus	S: PP905729; M: PP905731; L: PP905726

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.012M.Orthohantavirus_1nsp.zip.

2024.013M.Phasmaviridae_4nsp_3ab_2rn

Title: Create four new species, abolish three species, and rename two species in the family Phasmaviridae

Authors: Ballinger MJ (ballinger@biology.msstate.edu), Junglen S, De Coninck L

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Species

• Description of current taxonomy

• The family Phasmaviridae includes 29 species organized across 7 genera.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Create four new species, abolish three species established previously, and rename two species established previously.

• Justification

• Coding-complete virus genome sequences are available to justify the creation of four new species. Each exhibit 1% L protein amino acid sequence identity to other exemplar viruses in the family Phasmaviridae. Three species were previously established in error due to an oversight; the available genomes are not coding-complete. Two previously established species epithets erroneously referred to places and are renamed here using appropriate suffixes.

• Submitted: 06/06/24

Table 14. Phasmaviridae, four new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Jonvirus spilikinsis	Spilikins virus	L: MZ202269; M: MZ202270; S: MZ202271
New taxon	Species	Jonvirus mikadosis	Mikado virus	L: MZ202272; M: MZ202273; S: MZ202274
New taxon	Species	Orthophasmavirus obscurae	Drosophila North Esk phasmavirus	L: OR605709; M: OR605710; S: OR605711
New taxon	Species	Orthophasmavirus stecellulae	Anopheles stephensi orthophasmavirus	L: LC775043; M: LC775044; S: LC775045

Table 15. Phasmaviridae, three abolish taxa*

Operation	Rank	Abolished taxon name
Abolish taxon	Species	Feravirus hemipterus
Abolish taxon	Species	Orthophasmavirus flenense
Abolish taxon	Species	Orthophasmavirus coleopterus

Table 16. Phasmaviridae, two rename taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Previous taxon name
Rename taxon	Species	Orthophasmavirus miglotalis	Orthophasmavirus miglotasense
Rename taxon	Species	Orthophasmavirus barstukorius	Orthophasmavirus barstukasense

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.013M.Phasmaviridae_4nsp_3ab_2rn.zip.

2024.014M.Platrhavirus_2ng_30nsp

Title: Rename the existing genus Platrhavirus (as Alphaplatrhavirus) and create 12 new species in the renamed genus, create the new genus Betaplatrhavirus including 12 new species and create the new genus Gammaplatrhavirus including 6 new species (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae)

Authors: Walker PJ (peter.walker@uq.edu.au), Bejerman N, Blasdell KR, Debat H, Dietzgen RG, Fooks AR, Freitas-Astúa J, Ramos-González PL, Kondo H, Kurath G, Shi M, Tesh RB, Tordo N, Vasilakis N, Whitfield AE

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Genus and species (Mononegavirales: Rhabdoviridae)

• Description of current taxonomy

• The family Rhabdoviridae currently comprises four subfamilies and one genus (Platrhavirus) unassigned to a subfamily that includes six species.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Rename the existing genus Platrhavirus (as Alphaplatrhavirus) and create 12 new species in the renamed genus, and create 2 new genera (Betaplatrhavirus and Gammaplatrhavirus) including 18 new species for viruses detected by metagenomic sequencing in cestode or trematode worms (Platyhelminthes) or in the faeces or visceral organs of animals (mammals, fish or crustaceans) that appear to have been infested with worms.

• Justification

• The viruses cluster phylogenetically with others in the existing or proposed genera in ML trees inferred using L protein sequences. All new species in existing genera meet established demarcation criteria. Members of the proposed renamed and new genera for viruses are well-separated phylogenetically from each other and other rhabdoviruses.

• Submitted: 09/06/24; Revised: 24/08/24

Table 17. Platrhavirus, 32 new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus dendriticum	Dicrocoilium rhabdo-like virus 2	OP627658
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus solidus	Schistocephalus solidus rhabdovirus	MN803433
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus wufeng	Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 5	OQ715673
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus smithii	Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 7	OQ715674
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus chodsigoa	Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 8	OQ715683
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus hubei	Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 9	OQ715680
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus jingmen	Jingmen bat rhabdovirus 1	OQ715681
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus ricketti	Jingmen bat rhabdovirus 2	OQ715691
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus wenzhou	Wenzhou bat rhabdovirus 1	OQ715676
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus langier	Wenzhou bat rhabdovirus 3	OQ715675
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus larvatus	rhabdovirus sp. Hlgxc14/3	OR868933
New taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus acutispina	Wenling dimarhabdovirus 8	MG600017
New taxon	Genus	Betaplatrhavirus
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus nodulosus	triaenorhabdovirus 2	BK059680
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus psilotrema	psilorhabdovirus 1	BK059745
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus simillimum	psilorhabdovirus 2	BK059746
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus sphaeroidotrema	sphaeridiorhabdovirus 2	BK059663
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus pseudoglobulus	sphaeridiorhabdovirus 3	BK059664
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus himastelon	Himastelon rhabdovirus	OR553881
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus beihai	Beihai dimarhabdovirus 1	MG600012
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus wenling	Wenling dimarhabdovirus 1	MG600014
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus fujian	Fujian dimarhabdovirus	MG600015
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus fuscus	Eptesicus fuscus rhabdovirus	MT732687
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus abramus	bat-associated rhabdovirus 2	OR951388
New taxon	Species	Betaplatrhavirus armiger	rhabdovirus sp. Hagxc131516/2	OR869044
New taxon	Genus	Gammaplatrhavirus
New taxon	Species	Gammaplatrhavirus dendriticum	Dicrocoilium rhabdo-like virus 1	OP548620
New taxon	Species	Gammaplatrhavirus orientalis	metorhabdovirus 1	BK059675
New taxon	Species	Gammaplatrhavirus sinensis	clonorhabdovirus 1	BK059698
New taxon	Species	Gammaplatrhavirus beihai	Beihai barnacle virus 7	KX884411
New taxon	Species	Gammaplatrhavirus jilin	barnaclevirus sp.	OR871063
New taxon	Species	Gammaplatrhavirus wenzhou	Wenzhou bat rhabdovirus 2	OQ715697

Table 18. Platrhavirus, seven rename taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Previous taxon name
Rename taxon	Genus	Alphaplatrhavirus	Platrhavirus
Rename taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus microphallus	Platrhavirus microphallus
Rename taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus nodulosis	Platrhavirus nodulosis
Rename taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus orientalis	Platrhavirus orientalis
Rename taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus pseudoglobulus	Platrhavirus pseudoglobulus
Rename taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus turkestanicum	Platrhavirus turkestanicum
Rename taxon	Species	Alphaplatrhavirus vulpes	Platrhavirus vulpes

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.014M.Platrhavirus_2ng_30nsp.zip.

2024.015M.Rotavirus_2nsp

Title: Create two new species (Rotavirus kappagastroenteritidis, Rotavirus lambdagastroenteritidis) in the genus Rotavirus (family Sedoreoviridae)

Author: Johne R (Reimar.Johne@bfr.bund.de)

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• The genus Rotavirus

• Description of current taxonomy

• Currently, the genus Rotavirus includes nine different rotavirus species.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Two new rotavirus species (Rotavirus kappagastroenteritidis and Rotavirus lambdagastroenteritidis) should be created.

• Justification

• Evolutionary analysis of complete coding regions of the novel rotavirus genomes (rotavirus K for Rotavirus kappagastroenteritidis and rotavirus L for Rotavirus lambdagastroenteritidis) indicates a separate branching on phylogenetic trees of all genome segments from those of established rotavirus species. In addition, the maximum identities of their deduced VP6 amino acid sequences with those of established rotavirus species reference strains are 51% for rotavirus K and 47% for rotavirus L, which are lower than the cut-off value (53%) for the definition of new Rotavirus species.

• Submitted: 14/06/2024

Table 19. Rotavirus, two new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Rotavirus kappagastroenteritidis	rotavirus K	OQ934016; OQ934017; OQ934018; OQ934019; OQ934020; OQ934021; OQ934022; OQ934023; OQ934024; OQ934025; OQ934026
New taxon	Species	Rotavirus lambdagastroenteritidis	rotavirus L	OM101015; OM101016; OM101017; OM101018; OM101019; OM101020; OM101021; OM101022; OM101023; OM101024; OM101025

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.015M.Rotavirus_2nsp.zip.

2024.016M.Sedoreoviridae_1ng_3nsp

Title: Create one new genus (Crabreovirus) with three new species

Authors: Zhao M (mzhao@rvc.ac.uk), Schott E (schott@umces.edu)

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Sedoreoviridae family

• Description of current taxonomy

• Sedoreoviridae currently has six genera, namely Cardoreovirus, Mimoreovirus, Orbivirus, Phytoreovirus, Rotavirus and Seadornavirus.

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• A new genus, named Crabreovirus, should be established in the Sedoreoviridae family. This new genus should include three new species, including Crabreovirus callinectes, Crabreovirus scylla and Crabreovirus eriocheiris.

• Justification

• Three representative viruses of the proposed new Crabreovirus genus exhibit less than 20% amino acid sequence identity in VP1 when compared to virus members of other established genera within the Sedoreoviridae family. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree shows that viruses in the three proposed new species form a distinct clade from members of other Sedoreoviridae genera, yet remain within the same clade as each other. The phylogenetic analysis supports the classification of these three species into a new genus, Crabreovirus.

• Submitted: 14/06/24

Table 20. Sedoreoviridae, four new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Genus	Crabreovirus
New taxon	Species	Crabreovirus callinectes	Callinectes sapidus reovirus 1	KU311708; KU311709; KU311710; KU311711; KU311712; KU311713; KU311714; KU311715; KU311716; KU311717; KU311718: KU311719
New taxon	Species	Crabreovirus scylla	Scylla serrata reovirus SZ-2007	HQ414127; HQ414128; HQ414129; HQ414130; HQ414131; HQ414132; HQ414133; HQ414134; HQ414135; HQ414136; HQ414137; HQ414138
New taxon	Species	Crabreovirus eriocheiris	Eriocheir sinensis reovirus WX-2012	KP638402; KP638403; KP638404; KP638405; KP638406; KP638407; KP638408; KP638409; KP638410; KP638411; KP638412; KP638413

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.016M.Sedoreoviridae_1ng_3nsp.zip.

2024.017M.Shilevirus_10nsp

Title: Create ten new species in genus Shilevirus (Bunyaviricetes: Hareavirales: Leishbuviridae)

Authors: Yurchenko, V (Vyacheslav.Yurchenko@osu.cz), Kuhn, JH, Kostygov, AY

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Leishbuvirid genus Shilevirus

• Description of current taxonomy

• One species (Shilevirus leptomonadis)

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Add 10 new species

• Justification

• Discovery of novel shileviruses in various hosts from various habitats with sufficient genetic divergence.

• Submitted: 21/06/24

Table 21. Shilevirus, 10 new taxa*

Operation	Rank	New taxon name	Exemplar	Accession
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus alphablechomonadis	Blechmonas luni leishbunyavirus 1	S: MG967336; M: MG967335; L: MG967334
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus betablechomonadis	Blechomonas ayalai leishbunyavirus 1	S: MG967340; M: MG967339; L: MG967338
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus puertonapoense	Crithidia abscondita leishbunyavirus	S: KX507299; M: KX507300; L: KX507301
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus crithidiaebombi	Crithidia bombi leishbuvirus 1	S: OR146998; M: OR146997; L: OR146996
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus otongatchiense	Crithidia otongatchiensis leishbunyavirus	S: KX451144; M: KX683300; L: KX451145
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus alphamoraviense	Leptomonas pyrrhocoris leishbunyavirus 3	S: OP722879; M: OP722878; L: OP722877
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus betamoraviense	Leptomonas pyrrhocoris leishbunyavirus 4	S: OP722876; M: OP722875; L: OP722874
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus martiniquense	Leishmania martiniquensis leishbunyavirus 1	S: MK356556; M: MK356555; L: MK356554
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus moramangoense	Leptomonas moramango leishbunyavirus isolate LepmorLBV1b	S: KX280017; M: KX280016; L: KX280015
New taxon	Species	Shilevirus gammablechomonadis	Blechomonas maslovi leishbunyavirus 1	S: MG967344; M: MG967343; L: MG967342

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.017M.Shilevirus_10nsp.zip.

2024.018M.Tosoviridae_move

Title: Move free-floating negarnaviricot family Tosoviridae into the bunyaviricete order Hareavirales

Authors: Kuhn JH, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Wolf Y (wolf@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

Summary

• Taxonomic rank(s) affected

• Family (Tosoviridae)

• Description of current taxonomy

• Riboviria: Orthornavirae: Negarnaviricota: Tosoviridae

• Proposed taxonomic change(s)

• Move family Tosoviridae to order Hareavirales (Polyploviricotina: Bunyaviricetes)

• Justification

• Updated RdRP phylogeny unambiguously groups tosovirids with hareavirals (sister to hareaviral families Nairoviridae and Wupedeviridae)

• Submitted: 21/06/24; Revised: 16/08/24

Table 22. Tosoviridae, one move taxon*

Operation	Rank	Taxon name	Old parent taxon	New parent taxon
Move taxon	Family	Tosoviridae	Negarnaviricota	Hareavirales

*Source/full text: https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2024.018M.Tosoviridae_move.zip.

Abbreviations

ICTV

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

RdRP

RNA-directed RNA polymerase

SC

Subcommittee