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Frontiers in Parasitology logoLink to Frontiers in Parasitology
. 2025 Oct 10;4:1711595. doi: 10.3389/fpara.2025.1711595

Correction: In vitro co-culture model of Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Lactobacillus crispatus: a system for assessing antimicrobial activity and microorganism interactions in vaginitis

Fernanda Gomes Cardoso 1, Luisa Trindade dos Santos 1, Saulo Almeida Menezes 1, Graziela Vargas Rigo 1, Tiana Tasca 1,*
PMCID: PMC12550607  PMID: 41141491

In the published article, there was a mistake in Figure 3 and Figure 5 . Figure 3 appeared in place of Figure 5 and vice versa. The corrected figures appear below.

Figure 3.

Bar graphs labeled A and B show hemolysis percentages. Graph A compares five groups, including positive control, with varying levels, two marked with asterisks. Graph B shows similar comparisons with slight variations. Both graphs range from zero to one hundred fifty percent hemolysis.

Hemolysis of erythrocytes co-incubated with monocultures or co-cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans and Lactobacillus crispatus. (A) ATCC30236 T. vaginalis standard isolate, C. albicans (CA3), and L. crispatus (LC2). (B) TV-LACM6 T. vaginalis fresh clinical isolate, C. albicans (CA3), and L. crispatus (LC1). Positive control of hemolysis is erythrocytes treated with 0.2% Triton X-100. Results are expressed as a percentage of total hemolysis, presented as the mean ± S.D. of at least two blood samples. The percentage of hemolysis from erythrocytes co-incubated with T. vaginalis monocultures was compared to co-cultures with the protozoan. (*) indicates a significant difference.

Figure 5.

Bar graphs A and B show the percentage of hyphae under different conditions. In graph A, the conditions are CA3, ATCC 30236 + CA3, CA3 + LC2, and ATCC 30236 + CA3 + LC2. In graph B, the conditions are CA3, TV-LACM6 + CA3, CA3 + LC1, and TV-LACM6 + CA3 + LC1. CA3 shows the highest percentage in both graphs, while combinations with LC2 or LC1 show reduced hyphae formation. Asterisks indicate statistical significance.

Yeast-to-hyphal form transition of Candida albicans in monoculture and co-culture. (A) Co-culture of C. albicans (CA3, initial density at 3.33x104 CFU/mL) with ATCC Trichomonas vaginalis isolate (ATCC3026, initial density at 1 x 106 trophozoites/mL) and second density of Lactobacillus crispatus (LC2, initial density at 5.53x106 CFU/mL). (B) Co-culture of CA3 with fresh clinical T. vaginalis isolate (TV-LACM6, initial density at 1 x 106 trophozoites/mL) and first density of L. crispatus (LC1, initial density at 5.53x107 CFU/mL. The date were expressed by percentage de hyphae formation. Results are representative of two independent experiments conducted with triplicate assays. (*) Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

The original article has been updated.

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