Abstract
Maturing lambs, eight to nine months old, were dosed by the intraduodenal route with various preparations of Clostridium perfringens type C. Whole cultures of this organism or cells suspended in fresh medium, both supplemented with soybean flour as a protease inhibitor, produced acute fatal hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in these animals. The latter preparation was more effective than the former in causing disease. Without the soybean supplement the inocula did not produce fatal disease. Dosing with toxic cell-free culture supernatant fluid, with or without soybean supplement, had no lethal effect. Animals that died showed severe hemorrhagic enteritis with necrosis and sloughing of the mucosal epithelium, involving jejunum, ileum and part of duodenum. These lesions were similar to those seen in natural cases of hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in neonatal animals. This experiment demonstrated that nonimmune animals are normally protected against C. perfringens type C enterotoxemia by adequate levels of pancreatic proteases in the intestine, and that factors which inhibit or reduce these enzymes predispose animals for the development of this disease.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Arbuckle J. B. The attachment of Clostridium welchii (Cl. perfringens) type C to intestinal villi of pigs. J Pathol. 1972 Feb;106(2):65–72. doi: 10.1002/path.1711060202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bergeland M. E. Pathogenesis and immunity of Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis in swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1972 Feb 15;160(4):568–571. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dickie C. W., Klinkerman D. L., Petrie R. J. Enterotoxemia in two foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978 Aug 1;173(3):306–307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FIELD H. I., GOODWIN R. F. The experimental reproduction of enterotoxaemia in piglets. J Hyg (Lond) 1959 Mar;57(1):81–91. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400019914. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRINER L. A., BRACKEN F. K. Clostridium perfringens (type C) in acute hemorrhagic enteritis of calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1953 Feb;122(911):99–102. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GRINER L. A., JOHNSON H. W. Clostridium perfringens type C in hemorrhagic enterotoxemia of lambs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1954 Aug;125(929):125–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hauschild A. H., Niilo L., Dorward W. J. Clostridium perfringens type A infection of ligated intestinal loops in lambs. Appl Microbiol. 1968 Aug;16(8):1235–1239. doi: 10.1128/am.16.8.1235-1239.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawrence G., Cooke R. Experimental pigbel: the production and pathology of necrotizing enteritis due to Clostridium welchii type C in the guinea-pig. Br J Exp Pathol. 1980 Jun;61(3):261–271. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lawrence G., Walker P. D. Pathogenesis of enteritis necroticans in Papula New Guinea. Lancet. 1976 Jan 17;1(7951):125–126. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)93160-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morin M., Phaneuf J. B., Malo R. Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis in a Quebec swine herd. Can Vet J. 1981 Mar;22(3):58–58. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Niilo L., Chalmers G. A. Hemorrhagic Enterotoxemia Caused by Clostridium perfringens Type C in a Foal. Can Vet J. 1982 Oct;23(10):299–301. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Niilo L., Cho H. J. Clinical and antibody responses to Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin in experimental sheep and calves. Can J Comp Med. 1985 Apr;49(2):145–148. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Niilo L., Harries W. N., Jones G. A. Clostridium perfringens type C in hemorrhagic enterotoxemia of neonatal calves in Alberta. Can Vet J. 1974 Aug;15(8):224–226. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sakurai J., Duncan C. L. Some properties of beta-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type C. Infect Immun. 1978 Aug;21(2):678–680. doi: 10.1128/iai.21.2.678-680.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walker P. D., Murrell T. G., Nagy L. K. Scanning electronmicroscopy of the jejunum in enteritis necroticans. J Med Microbiol. 1980 Aug;13(3):445–450. doi: 10.1099/00222615-13-3-445. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]