Corrigendum to “Global, regional, and national epidemiology of childhood neuroblastoma (1990–2021): a statistical analysis of incidence, mortality, and DALYs”

Description of the Error:

The following errors were identified in Table 1:

Table 1.

Incidence of neuroblastoma in children between 1990 and 2021 at the global and regional level.

Location	Rate per 100,000 (95% UI)
	1990		2021		1990–2021
	Incident cases	Incident rate	Incident cases	Incident rate	Cases changeb	Rate changeb	EAPCa
Global	4269 (3144.44, 5768.06)	0.25 (0.18, 0.33)	5560 (3734.21, 7560.03)	0.28 (0.19, 0.38)	30.26 (−1.24, 72.51)	12.60 (−14.62, 49.12)	0.70 (0.58, 0.82)
SDI
Low SDI	386 (214.16, 705.53)	0.17 (0.09, 0.31)	1005 (453.29, 1767.58)	0.22 (0.10, 0.38)	160.33 (42.90, 324.38)	29.49 (−28.92, 111.08)	1.09 (0.63, 1.55)
Low–middle SDI	820 (512.80, 1279.65)	0.17 (0.11, 0.27)	1562 (941.88, 2348.29)	0.27 (0.16, 0.40)	90.49 (31.33, 188.65)	55.10 (6.93, 135.02)	1.87 (1.64, 2.10)
Middle SDI	1090 (756.00, 1520.89)	0.19 (0.13, 0.26)	1429 (979.14, 1916.30)	0.25 (0.17, 0.34)	31.04 (−1.27, 80.73)	33.43 (0.53, 84.03)	1.36 (1.12, 1.59)
High–middle SDI	812 (612.99, 1056.23)	0.30 (0.22, 0.39)	739 (544.62, 938.10)	0.32 (0.24, 0.41)	−8.95 (−31.34, 20.15)	7.90 (−18.63, 42.38)	0.94 (0.61, 1.27)
High SDI	1157 (968.87, 1357.28)	0.62 (0.52, 0.73)	822 (679.61, 969.79)	0.48 (0.39, 0.56)	−28.97 (−37.60, 19.08)	−23.51 (−32.80, −12.85)	−0.81 (−1.05, −0.56)
Regions
Andean Latin America	41 (25.14, 62.51)	0.28 (0.17, 0.42)	38 (24.75, 54.41)	0.21 (0.14, 0.30)	−7.09 (−41.55, 49.57)	−23.74 (−52.02, 22.77)	−0.40 (−0.63, −0.16)
Australasia	28 (23.28, 34.81)	0.62 (0.51, 0.76)	29 (20.52, 39.60)	0.50 (0.36, 0.69)	1.51 (−26.12, 38.44)	−18.77 (−40.88, 10.77)	−0.53 (−0.78, −0.28)
Caribbean	37 (24.27, 57.14)	0.32 (0.21, 0.50)	55 (35.19, 82.12)	0.48 (0.31, 0.71)	49.05 (5.22, 110.93)	47.85 (4.37, 109.23)	1.43 (0.90, 1.95)
Central Asia	13 (8.35, 18.98)	0.05 (0.03, 0.08)	20 (12.60, 29.83)	0.07 (0.05, 0.11)	61.03 (3.25, 147.53)	45.41 (−6.77, 123.52)	2.76 (2.18, 3.34)
Central Europe	95 (70.86, 126.48)	0.32 (0.24, 0.43)	46 (34.88, 59.30)	0.26 (0.20, 0.33)	−51.33 (−64.09, −33.70)	−18.93 (−40.19, 10.43)	−0.60 (−1.20, 0.00)
Central Latin America	184 (132.91, 246.61)	0.29 (0.21, 0.38)	162 (113.31, 222.58)	0.25 (0.18, 0.35)	−12.34 (−33.31, 17.90)	−11.10 (−32.37, 19.56)	−0.20 (−0.85, 0.46)
Central Sub–Saharan Africa	15 (5.73, 31.15)	0.06 (0.02, 0.12)	26 (15.01, 41.91)	0.04 (0.03, 0.07)	73.63 (−4.13, 306.09)	−25.14 (−58.67, 75.07)	−0.60 (−0.98, −0.23)
East Asia	505 (324.05, 766.17)	0.15 (0.10, 0.23)	564 (381.23, 760.08)	0.21 (0.14, 0.28)	11.76 (−27.71, 78.56)	37.88 (−10.82, 120.29)	2.07 (1.57, 2.58)
Eastern Europe	143 (102.74, 198.45)	0.28 (0.20, 0.39)	68 (48.73, 90.00)	0.19 (0.14, 0.25)	−52.65 (−68.06, −38.33)	−31.26 (−53.63, −10.46)	−1.00 (−1.16, −0.83)
Eastern Sub–Saharan Africa	243 (135.68, 434.49)	0.27 (0.15, 0.48)	556 (241.12, 992.99)	0.31 (0.14, 0.56)	129.00 (12.76, 304.19)	16.24 (−42.77, 105.16)	0.84 (0.48, 1.20)
High–income Asia Pacific	245 (200.53, 292.96)	0.69 (0.57, 0.83)	141 (117.83, 165.15)	0.63 (0.53, 0.74)	−42.36 (−52.58, −31.59)	−9.52 (−25.57, 7.37)	−0.75 (−1.13, −0.36)
High–income North America	472 (395.05, 558.44)	0.77 (0.64, 0.91)	334 (273.23, 394.54)	0.51 (0.42, 0.60)	−29.34 (−38.45, −17.19)	−33.58 (−42.15, −22.17)	−1.08 (−1.28, −0.88)
North Africa and Middle East	247 (151.14, 397.51)	0.18 (0.11, 0.28)	354 (244.00, 500.85)	0.19 (0.13, 0.27)	43.46 (−14.78, 148.12)	9.93 (−34.70, 90.14)	0.89 (0.57, 1.22)
Oceania	0.28 (0.13, 0.51)	0.01 (0.00, 0.02)	0.46 (0.23, 0.83)	0.01 (0.00, 0.02)	66.48 (−6.30, 199.99)	−12.19 (−50.58, 58.23)	−1.44 (−2.05, −0.83)
South Asia	755 (433.24, 1200.50)	0.17 (0.10, 0.28)	1447 (875.76, 2238.73)	0.29 (0.17, 0.44)	91.56 (24.24, 223.87)	63.73 (6.19, 176.82)	2.01 (1.59, 2.43)
Southeast Asia	236 (144.11, 360.46)	0.14 (0.08, 0.21)	329 (229.32, 452.06)	0.19 (0.13, 0.26)	39.66 (0.88, 102.41)	38.12 (−0.24, 100.18)	0.98 (0.86, 1.11)
Southern Latin America	47 (33.16, 64.68)	0.31 (0.22, 0.43)	59 (41.11, 83.87)	0.41 (0.28, 0.58)	25.85 (−15.27, 90.69)	29.59 (−12.75, 96.36)	1.40 (0.96, 1.84)
Southern Sub–Saharan Africa	28 (17.59, 41.44)	0.14 (0.09, 0.20)	43 (27.23, 63.89)	0.18 (0.11, 0.27)	53.71 (2.57, 125.52)	32.14 (−11.82, 93.88)	1.31 (0.86, 1.77)
Tropical Latin America	240 (169.83, 326.91)	0.45 (0.32, 0.61)	243 (170.71, 325.78)	0.48 (0.34, 0.65)	1.32 (−23.55, 33.17)	8.23 (−18.33, 42.25)	0.68 (0.12, 1.24)
Western Europe	522 (439.06, 612.52)	0.74 (0.62, 0.86)	390 (307.12, 486.21)	0.57 (0.45, 0.71)	−25.30 (−38.01, −9.69)	−22.12 (−35.37, −5.84)	−0.75 (−1.02, −0.49)
Western Sub–Saharan Africa	173 (48.54, 324.10)	0.20 (0.06, 0.37)	656 (169.18, 1214.70)	0.31 (0.08, 0.57)	279.97 (116.93, 461.97)	55.48 (−11.23, 129.96)	1.84 (1.43, 2.25)

Abbreviations: EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; SDI, Sociodemographic Index; UI, uncertainty interval.

^aEAPC is expressed as 95% confidence interval.

^bChange shows the percentage change.

I. Regional rate change misalignment

The “1990–2021 Change” columns (Cases change, Rate change, and EAPC) for regions contained misaligned data due to a sorting error. Specific corrections:

• 1.
  Andean Latin America:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 12.60 (−14.62, 49.12) → Correct: −23.74 (−52.02, 22.77)
• 2.
  Australasia:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −23.74 (−52.02, 22.77) → Correct: −18.77 (−40.88, 10.77)
• 3.
  Caribbean:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −31.26 (−53.63, −10.46) → Correct: 47.85 (4.37, 109.23)
• 4.
  Central Asia:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 37.88 (−10.82, 120.29) → Correct: 45.41 (−6.77, 123.52)
• 5.
  Central Europe:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 9.93 (−34.70, 90.14) → Correct: −18.93 (−40.19, 10.43)
• 6.
  Central Latin America:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 16.24 (−42.77, 105.16) → Correct: −11.10 (−32.37, 19.56)
• 7.
  Central Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −33.58 (−42.15, −22.17) → Correct: −25.14 (−58.67, 75.07)
• 8.
  East Asia:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 63.73 (6.19, 176.82) → Correct: 37.88 (−10.82, 120.29)
• 9.
  Eastern Europe:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −25.14 (−58.67, 75.07) → Correct: −31.26 (−53.63, −10.46)
• 10.
  Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −11.10 (−32.37, 19.56) → Correct: 16.24 (−42.77, 105.16)
• 11.
  High-income Asia Pacific:

  • -
    Rate change: Correct (no change)
• 12.
  High-income North America:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 47.85 (4.37, 109.23) → Correct: −33.58 (−42.15, −22.17)
• 13.
  North Africa and Middle East:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −22.12 (−35.37, −5.84) → Correct: 9.93 (−34.70, 90.14)
• 14.
  Oceania:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −18.93 (−40.19, 10.43) → Correct: −12.19 (−50.58, 58.23)
• 15.
  South Asia:

  • -
    Rate change: Was −18.77 (−40.88, 10.77) → Correct: 63.73 (6.19, 176.82)
• 16.
  Southeast Asia:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 29.59 (−12.75, 96.36) → Correct: 38.12 (−0.24, 100.18)
• 17.
  Southern Latin America:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 8.23 (−18.33, 42.25) → Correct: 29.59 (−12.75, 96.36)
• 18.
  Southern Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 55.48 (−11.23, 129.96) → Correct: 32.14 (−11.82, 93.88)
• 19.
  Tropical Latin America:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 38.12 (−0.24, 100.18) → Correct: 8.23 (−18.33, 42.25)
• 20.
  Western Europe:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 32.14 (−11.82, 93.88) → Correct: −22.12 (−35.37, −5.84)
• 21.
  Western Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • -
    Rate change: Was 45.41 (−6.77, 123.52) → Correct: 55.48 (−11.23, 129.96)

II. Additional data corrections

During comprehensive re-verification, three more errors were identified:

• 1.
  Global:

  • -
    1990 Incident cases: Was 4267 (3144.44, 5768.06) → Correct: 4269 (3144.44, 5768.06)
• 2.
  Central Europe:

  • -
    2021 Incident cases: Was 47 (34.88, 59.30) → Correct: 46 (34.88, 59.30)
• 3.
  Central Latin America:

  • -
    1990–2021 EAPC: Was 0.20 (−0.85, 0.46) → Correct: −0.20 (−0.85, 0.46)

Explanation of How the Error Occurred.

• 1.The regional rate change misalignment resulted from a table-sorting error during data preparation.
• 2.The additional corrections were caused by data entry errors.

Impact on Main Results:

This correction does not alter the main results or conclusions of the paper. It was limited to regional data presentation and did not affect global trends, statistical significance, or the study's key findings.

The corrected Table 1 appears as follows: