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. 2025 Nov 8;25:421. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05176-3

Retraction Note: Inhibition of alpha-synuclein seeded fibril formation and toxicity by herbal medicinal extracts

Mustafa T Ardah 1, Simona S Ghanem 2, Sara A Abdulla 2, Guohua Lv 3, Mohamed M Emara 4, Katerina E Paleologou 5, Nishant N Vaikath 2, Jia-Hong Lu 6, Min Li 7, Konstantinos Vekrellis 8, David Eliezer 3, Omar M A El-Agnaf 2,
PMCID: PMC12595608  PMID: 41206449

Retraction Note: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 20, 73 (2020)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2849-1

The authors have retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding high similarity between the electron microscopy images in this article and several earlier articles [13], as well as image overlap in Fig. 2D (α-syn alone and CMC11 2:1). The original electron microscopy source files are unavailable for validation, and the authors therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the electron microscopy figures.

All authors agree with this retraction.

References

  • 1.Ardah MT, Paleologou KE, Lv G, Menon SA, Abul Khair SB, Lu JH, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits fibrillation and toxicity of alpha-synuclein and disaggregates preformed fibrils. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;74:89–101. 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.11.007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Ardah MT, Merghani MM, Haque ME. Thymoquinone prevents neurodegeneration against MPTP in vivo and modulates α-synuclein aggregation in vitro. Neurochem Int. 2019;128:115–26. 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Ardah MT, Paleologou KE, Lv G, Abul Khair SB, Kazim AS, Minhas ST, et al. Structure activity relationship of phenolic acid inhibitors of α- α-synuclein fibril formation and toxicity. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014;6:197. 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00197 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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