Error in Table
In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 1 as published. The values of ALM are incorrect. The values needed to be changed, expressing them in kg and not g. So, the correct values are as follows: 15.646 ± 3.666; 13.935 ± 2.020; and 14.773 ± 3.03. The corrected Table 1 appears below.
Table 1.
The baseline clinical characteristics of patients between the intervention and placebo groups.
| Variable | Intervention Group (n = 22) | Placebo Group (n = 28) | Total (n = 50) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 78.84 ± 5.80 | 80.50 ± 3.74 | 79.71 ± 4.84 | 0.231 |
| Weight (kg) | 57.53 ± 11.41 | 52.32 ± 8.33 | 54.77 ± 10.14 | 0.072 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.63 ± 2.74 | 21.96 ± 1.34 | 22.27 ± 2.12 | 0.271 |
| ALM (kg) | 15.646 ± 3.666 | 13.935 ± 2.020 | 14.773 ± 3.035 | 0.052 |
| ALM/h2 | 6.20 ± 1.23 | 5.80 ± 0.83 | 6.00 ± 1.04 | 0.270 |
| SMI | 27.40 ± 4.98 | 26.61 ± 4.18 | 26.99 ± 4.60 | 0.521 |
| FM (g) | 18,701.52 ± 4953.04 | 16,474.92 ± 4516.35 | 17,520.06 ± 4809.19 | 0.106 |
| VAT (g) | 898.48 ± 648.860 | 698.04 ± 238.10 | 792.12 ± 482.40 | 0.149 |
| WC (cm) | 81.22 ± 6.95 | 79.46 ± 8.14 | 80.29 ± 7.58 | 0.424 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 77.30 ± 4.19 | 78.65 ± 5.08 | 78.02 ± 4.68 | 0.319 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 126.96 ± 5.59 | 125.58 ± 5.89 | 126.22 ± 5.73 | 0.406 |
| Tinetti (score) | 17.83 ± 4.01 | 16.88 ± 3.70 | 17.33 ± 3.84 | 0.397 |
| SPPB total (score) | 4.22 ± 1.45 | 4.38 ± 0.64 | 4.31 ± 1.08 | 0.595 |
| Handgrip (kg) | 18.74 ± 4.33 | 17.64 ± 4.68 | 18.06 ± 4.52 | 0.328 |
| Barthel (score) | 60.43 ± 18.64 | 55.58 ± 19.30 | 57.86 ± 18.96 | 0.376 |
| ADL (score) | 3.22 ± 0.85 | 3.19 ± 1.50 | 3.20 ± 1.22 | 0.944 |
| Physical SF-12 (score) | 33.80 ± 6.83 | 37.29 ± 11.82 | 35.65 ± 9.86 | 0.220 |
| Mental SF-12 (score) | 40.78 ± 8.73 | 40.89 ± 12.40 | 40.83 ± 10.56 | 0.973 |
| GDS (score) | 14.13 ± 1.98 | 13.88 ± 1.77 | 14.00 ± 1.86 | 0.649 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.86 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.18 | 0.181 |
| AST (IU/L) | 19.26 ± 8.86 | 18.04 ± 8.81 | 18.61 ± 8.77 | 0.631 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 16.17 ± 7.99 | 16.38 ± 10.87 | 16.29 ± 9.53 | 0.939 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 15.90 ± 3.15 | 16.37 ± 2.39 | 16.15 ± 2.75 | 0.560 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 86.09 ± 11.16 | 88.92 ± 9.43 | 87.59 ± 10.27 | 0.340 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 1.20 ± 1.45 | 0.94 ± 0.59 | 1.06 ± 1.08 | 0.392 |
| Leucine | 105.30 ± 18.33 | 99.95 ± 24.19 | 102.46 ± 21.59 | 0.393 |
| Isoleucine | 88.25 ± 24.09 | 88.63 ± 25.47 | 88.45 ± 24.58 | 0.958 |
| Valine | 133.30 ± 36.23 | 143.98 ± 41.39 | 138.97 ± 39.02 | 0.344 |
| Total AA | 326.85 ± 38.43 | 332.56 ± 57.64 | 329.88 ± 49.15 | 0.689 |
Abbreviations: AA, amino acid; ADL, activity daily living; ALM, appendicular lean mass; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GDS, geriatric depression scale; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; SPPB, short physical performance battery; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SF-12, 12-item short-form health survey; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WC, waist circumference.
In the original publication, there was also a mistake in Table 2 as published. The symbol “>“ is in the wrong direction. The symbol needed to be in the opposite direction (i.e., changed from “>“ to “<“). Moreover, the unit of measurement of ALM is not correct; the correct unit of measurement of ALM should be “kg” instead of “g”. The values reported in the table are correct. The corrected Table 2 appears below.
Table 2.
Primary and secondary endpoints.
| Variable | Intervention Group (N = 22) Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) |
Placebo Group (N = 28) Mean Change from Baseline (95% CI) |
Difference between Groups (95% CI) | p-Value between Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 1.378 (0.813, −1.943) | −1.442 (−1.972, −0.912) * | 2.820 (2.028, 3.611) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.539 (0.308, 0.769) * | −0.600 (−0.816, −0.384) * | 1.139 (0.816, 1.462) | <0.001 |
| ALM (kg) | 0.350 (−0.607, 1.307) | −1.268 (−2205.44, −332.26) * | 1.618 (−255.75, 2982.00) | 0.245 |
| ALM/h2 | 0.516 (−0.114; 1.146) | −0.505 (−1.103; 0.097) | 1.021 (−1.910; −0.132) | <0.05 |
| SMI (%) | 0.282 (−1.098; 1.662) | −0.950 (−2.269; 0.368) | 1.232 (−0.719; 3.170) | 0.208 |
| FM (g) | 700.522 (360.688, 1040.356) * | −646.962 (−965.724, −328.200) * | 1347.484 (871.386, 1823.582) | <0.001 |
| VAT (g) | −113.171 (−188.061, −38.280) * | 9.151 (−61.096, 79.398) | −122.321 (−227.241, −17.402) | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 0.441 (−0.005, 0.887) | −0.582 (−1.000, −0.164) * | 1.023 (0.399, 1.648) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 0.214 (−1.364; 1.764) | −0.574 (−2.055; 0.907) | 0.788 (−1.423; 3.000) | 0.477 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | −0.332 (−2.004, 1.341) | −0.399 (−1.968, 1.170) | 0.067 (−2.276, 2.411) | 0.954 |
| Tinetti (score) | 1.940 (0.989, 2.891) * | −0.447 (−1.339, 0.446) | 2.386 (1.054, 3.719) | <0.001 |
| SPPB total (score) | 2.667 (2.108, 3.226) * | 0.448 (−0.076, 0.973) | 2.219 (1.436, 3.002) | <0.001 |
| Handgrip (kg) | 3.332 (2.400, 4.264) * | −0.755 (−1.629, 0.119) | 4.087 (2.781, 5.392) | <0.001 |
| Barthel (score) | 4.222 (0.480, 7.964) * | 0.111 (−3.399, 3.621) | 4.111 (−1.132, 9.353) | 0.121 |
| ADL (score) | 0.506 (0.127, 0.885) * | −0.101 (−0.457, 0.254) | 0.607 (0.076, 1.138) | <0.001 |
| Physical SF-12 (score) | 2.747 (−0.472, 5.966) | 3.519 (0.499, 6.538) * | −0.772 (−5.281, 3.738) | 0.732 |
| Mental SF-12 (score) | 1.238 (−0.631, 3.107) | 3.789 (2.036, 5.543) * | −2.551 (−5.170, 0.067) | 0.056 |
| GDS (score) | −0.262 (−0.631, 0.106) | 0.155 (−0.190, 0.501) | −0.418 (−0.934, 0.099) | 0.110 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | −0.025 (−0.078, 0.027) | 0.043 (−0.007, 0.092) | −0.068 (−0.141, 0.005) | 0.069 |
| AST (IU/L) | 0.421 (−2.311, 3.154) | 0.435 (−2.128, 2.998) | −0.013 (−3.841, 3.815) | 0.994 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 3.150 (0.042, 6.258) * | 0.059 (−2.856, 2.974) | 3.091 (−1.263, 7.445) | 0.160 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 0.235 (−0.236, 0.705) | 0.069 (−0.372, 0.511) | 0.165 (−0.494, 0.824) | 0.617 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | −0.904 (−5.580, 3.773) | −2.470 (−6.856, 1.917) | 1.566 (−4.986, 8.118) | 0.633 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | −0.690 (−1.094, −0.286) * | 0.266 (−0.113, 0.645) | −0.956 (−1.522, −0.390) | <0.001 |
| Leucine | 17.832 (11.653, 24.010) * | 4.814 (−0.981, 10.610) | 13.017 (4.361, 21.674) | <0.001 |
| Isoleucine | 17.855 (13.369, 22.341) * | −2.304 (−6.512, 1.903) | 20.159 (13.875, 26.444) | <0.001 |
| Valine | 24.020 (16.177, 31.863) * | −3.116 (−10.472, 4.241) | 27.135 (16.148, 38.123) | <0.001 |
| Total AA | 59.706 (47.960, 71.452) * | −0.606 (−11.623, 10.412) | 60.312 (43.856, 76.768) | <0.001 |
* p value set up at <0.001 Abbreviations: AA, amino acid; ADL, activity daily living; ALM, appendicular lean mass; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GDS, geriatric depression scale; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; SPPB, short physical performance battery; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SF-12, 12-item short-form health survey; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; WC, waist circumference.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Footnotes
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
Reference
- 1.Rondanelli M., Gasparri C., Barrile G.C., Battaglia S., Cavioni A., Giusti R., Mansueto F., Moroni A., Nannipieri F., Patelli Z., et al. Effectiveness of a novel food composed of leucine, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 for the treatment of sarcopenia in elderly subjects: A 2-month randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients. 2022;14:4566. doi: 10.3390/nu14214566. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]