Content of this journal is licensed under a Abstract
Background:
To analyze the intrinsic capacity and relevant factors of the older adults in Kunshan community, and to provide a basis for enhancing the intrinsic capacity and functions of the older adults and reducing care dependence.
Methods:
The present study retrospectively collected data on demographics, past medical history, nutritional status, and physical examination from August 2022 to September 2022 from older adults aged ≥60 years who were subjected to a field questionnaire in Kunshan town. The chi-square test was used to assess the differences between the different dimensions of intrinsic ability in different sex and age subgroups. Risk factors were recognized through univariate and multivariate logistic proportional hazard analyses.
Results:
A total of 329 older adults completed the questionnaire and were enrolled in this study. The intrinsic capacity declined in 68.09% of older adults regarding the prevalence of hearing, vision, mobility, cognitive ability, psychological, and nutritional dimensions, respectively. A positive 5-times sit-up test was found to be positively associated with the reduced intrinsic capacity in the context of a physical examination (odds ratio [OR], 10.309; 95% CI, 5.076 to 20.833; P < .001). Additionally, older adults with a higher waist circumference exhibited a lower probability of reduced intrinsic capacity (OR, 0.541; 95% CI, 0.314 to 0.931; P = .026).
Conclusion:
In the Kunshan community, 68.09% of older people were found to have reduced intrinsic capacity. A negative 5-times sit-up test and increased waist circumference have been identified as independent risk factors for reduced intrinsic capacity. This suggests that these factors have the potential to provide a quicker method of assessing intrinsic capacity.
Main Points
High prevalence of reduced intrinsic capacity: The study found that 68.09% of older adults in Kunshan exhibited a decline in intrinsic capacity, particularly in the domains of hearing, vision, mobility, cognitive ability, psychological well-being, and nutrition.
Association with chronic diseases: The research identified chronic diseases as significant risk factors contributing to the reduction of intrinsic capacity, highlighting the importance of managing chronic conditions to maintain functional health in older adults.
Waist circumference as a protective factor: Older adults with higher waist circumferences demonstrated a lower likelihood of reduced intrinsic capacity, which was notably associated with improved outcomes in the physical examination, such as the 5-times sit-up test.
Importance of physical assessments: Physical performance tests, like the 5-times sit-up test, were found to be strongly associated with intrinsic capacity, where positive results were linked to greater declines in capacity.
Introduction
With the development of society, the health needs of older adults have become more complex and diversified. The shift from disease-centered to patient-centered medical services is more applicable to the health needs of contemporary older adults. With age, the function of human organs and tissues gradually declines, and somatic function also gradually declines. Some older adults have impaired daily activities or have even lost the ability to live independently. In order to understand the intrinsic predictors of somatic function decline in older adults and implement personalized interventions, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed the concept of intrinsic capacity in 2015, aiming to improve the somatic function of older adults, prevent the decline of daily living ability, and increase the risk of care dependency in older adults.1
Research on the health status of the older adults from the perspective of intrinsic ability is not only in line with national policy for the development of an aging society2 and the WHO’s requirements for healthy aging, but it will also help build a health protection system in the field of geriatrics that better meets the needs of the contemporary older adult population. The development of geriatric health services from the perspective of intrinsic capacity will no longer measure the health status of the older adults by the occurrence of geriatric diseases, but will pay more attention to how older adults maintain stable functional performance in their lives. This is also more in line with the needs of older adults for a healthy life. Studies have shown that about 25% of the diversity of intrinsic abilities in older adults is determined by genetic factors, and 75% is the result of the cumulative effects of individual behaviors and risk exposure factors.3 Therefore, the assessment of intrinsic abilities and effective intervention will be of great significance in slowing down or even reversing the decline of intrinsic abilities and promoting the healthy aging life of older adults.
The assessment and dynamic monitoring of intrinsic abilities in older adults can provide guidance for effective interventions before they become disabled and reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes in older adults.4 The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of the intrinsic capacity of older adults in Kunshan, as well as the characteristics and factors associated with intrinsic capacity reduction.
Materials and Methods
Subjects
This was a cross-sectional study, and a survey was conducted from August 2022 to September 2022 by enrolling older adults aged ≥65 in the Kunshan community, with 350 cases of older adults aged ≥65 randomly selected in Kunshan city. The inclusion criteria were as following: (1) Resident older adults aged ≥65 years. (2) Possess basic communication skills and understanding. (3) Voluntarily participate in this study and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion criteria: (1) Have obvious disabilities requiring assisted walking and those with acute pain who are unable to cooperate. (2) Suffering from malignant tumors. In this study, those who were unable to cooperate and those with missing variables were excluded, and a total of 285 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years were finally included as study subjects. In this study, the intrinsic capacity and associated factors were performed and assessed from the older adults in Kunshan township who were ≥ 60 years old from the Kunshan voluntarily participated in the survey. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinxi People's Hospital in Kunshan City, and all subjects signed an informed consent form, and informed consent was obtained from a legally authorized representative for illiterate older adults (Approval Number: EC-20190731-1033 / Date: 03.10.2022).
Method
The survey method was conducted through face-to-face questioning. The questionnaire investigation was divided into the following 3 parts: (1) General demographic information collection: this included gender, age, education, marital status, whether living alone, combination of chronic diseases, history of medication, history of chronic pain and falls; completing the questionnaire of anxiety self-rating anxiety scale, which is applicable to adults with symptoms of anxiety, with a total of 20 items in 4 levels. It is a scale for adults with anxiety symptoms. Scores for each item are summed to obtain a crude score, which is then converted to a standardized score. The total standardized score ranges from 25 to 100 points, with 50-59 points indicates mild anxiety, 60-69 points indicates moderate anxiety, and >69 points indicates severe anxiety. (2) Physical examination: This included height, body mass, upper limb grip strength, and calculation of body mass index (BMI), with the formula body mass (kg)/height2(m2);5 upper limb grip strength was assessed using hand grip strength meter,6 standing position, elbow extension to measure the grip strength, the maximum strength of the dominant hand was measured twice, and the maximum readings are selected, the unit is kg (kilogram). The maximum reading in kilograms (kg) was selected. (3) Intrinsic capacity assessment: according to the recommendation of ICOPE (Integrated Care for Older People) 2019,7 intrinsic capacity was assessed through 5 dimensions of cognitive, psychological, nutritional, sensory, and mobility, with a total of 6 items, and a decrease in each item was scored as 0 points, while no decrease was scored as 1 point. The total score ranged from 0 to 6, with 6 representing good intrinsic capacity and <6 representing a decline in intrinsic capacity. Cognitive assessment: orientation and memory were assessed according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),8 and failure to complete any of the 2 items was defined as a decrease in cognitive ability, scored as 0 points. (ii) Mobility assessment: according to the short physical performance battery (SPPB),9 a 5-time chair standing up test was performed. Those who took >14 seconds were defined as having reduced mobility and scored 0 points. (iii) Nutritional assessment: According to the mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF),10 “malnutrition” was defined as a decrease in body mass (more than 3 kg in the past 3 months) or a decrease in appetite. Sensory assessment: Visual impairment was defined as any problem with the eyes, difficulty seeing at a distance, reading, eye disease, or currently receiving treatment. Hearing loss was defined as not hearing a whisper during a whisper test. Psychological assessment: The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to define “depressive symptoms” as the subject’s distress over the past 2 weeks due to low mood, feelings of frustration or hopelessness, or lack of interest in doing something.
Quality control investigators, physical examiners, and assessors were strictly trained to explain the precautions for filling in the scale to the participants. They required those who were capable to complete it independently in a quiet environment. For those who could not complete it independently, they explained the meaning of the questions in a non-guided manner to help them fill it in accurately. After the scale was completed, 2 professionally trained examiners used 2-person bilateral recording. The entry would be checked and then analyzed.
SPSS version 23.0 (IBM SPSS Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages, and continuous variables are presented as medians, first quartiles, and third quartiles. Cut-off values commonly used in clinical practice were used to convert continuous variables, including body mass index (BMI) and age, into categorical variables. As the study population was elderly, waist circumference and 5-time sitting time differed from those of the normal population; the average of the participants included in this study was used as the cut-off value. Considering the differences in calf circumference and grip strength between males and females, the cut-off values were divided based on the average for males and females, respectively. In describing patients’ baseline levels, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test for differences between groups for continuous variables, while for categorical variables, either Pearson’s or Fisher’s exact chi-square test was employed. In the context of subgroup analyses of patients of varying ages and genders, the study employed either Pearson’s or Fisher’s exact chi-square test, or alternatively the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test. Logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors for decline in intrinsic capacity. First, a univariate analysis of risk factors was performed. Indicators with a P-value < .01 were included in the multifactorial analysis to calculate the associated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Two-sided tests were used for all analyses, and statistical significance was set at P < .05.
Results
Older Adults Baseline Characteristics
A total of 329 older adults were enrolled in this study, and their baseline information was shown in Table 1. Among them, 184 older adults were male (55.93%) and 145 older adults were female (44.07%). For the total older adults, the median age was 70 years. The median BMI, waist circumference and calf circumference were 24.24 kg/m2, 83 cm, and 35 cm, respectively. No significant differences were observed between those with reduced and normal intrinsic capacity in terms of BMI, waist circumference and calf circumference. However, the grip strength was significantly higher in those with normal intrinsic capacity than in those with reduced intrinsic capacity (P = .034). A notable and significant discrepancy in the proportion of individuals who achieved a positive 5-time sit-up test was found between the group with good intrinsic capacity and the group with reduced intrinsic capacity (9.52% vs. 53.57%, P < .001). Older adults with reduced intrinsic capacity showed a higher likelihood of suffering from chronic diseases and a lower educational attainment than those with good intrinsic capacity. A comparison of the FRS (Facial Expression Rating Scale) scores between the 2 groups revealed that older adults with reduced intrinsic capacity exhibited higher FRS scores. Regarding lifestyle habits, the number of individuals with a history of falls, living alone, smoking, and alcohol consumption were 23 (6.99%), 276 (83.89%), 93 (28.27%), and 93 (28.27%), respectively, in the total subjects. However, no significant differences were found in these lifestyle habits between groups with or without a normal intrinsic capacity (all P > .05).
Table 1.
Comparison of Demographics and Medical History in Older Adults with Different Intrinsic Capabilities
| Factors | Total Median (IQR)/Number (percentage) |
Good Intrinsic Capacity (n = 105) Median (IQR)/Number (percentage) |
Reduced Intrinsic Capacity (n = 224) Median (IQR)/Number (percentage) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70 (66-75) | 68 (65-72) | 71 (66-76) | <.001 |
| Sex | .042 | |||
| Male | 184 (55.93) | 59 (56.19) | 99 (44.20) | |
| Female | 145 (44.07) | 46 (43.81) | 125 (55.80) | |
| BMI | 24.24 (22.01-25.95) | 24.22 (21.61-26.17) | 24.27 (22.04-25.79) | 0.967 |
| Waist | 83 (77-90) | 84 (77-90) | 82 (77-90) | 0.397 |
| Calf circumference | 35 (32-38) | 34 (32-37) | 35 (32-38) | 0.235 |
| Grip strength | 26 (2-35) | 28 (20-41.25) | 25.50 (19.60-34.30) | .034 |
| Five times sitting up time | <.001 | |||
| >12s | 130 (39.51) | 10 (9.52) | 120 (53.57) | |
| ≤12s | 199 (60.49) | 95 (90.48) | 104 (46.43) | |
| Medication | ||||
| Taking medication | 318 (96.66) | 102 (97.14) | 216 (96.43) | .994 |
| No medication | 11 (3.34) | 3 (2.86) | 8 (3.57) | |
| Educational level | .094 | |||
| Junior high school or above | 141 (42.86) | 52 (49.52) | 89 (39.73) | |
| Elementary school junior high school | 188 (57.14) | 53 (50.48) | 135 (60.26) | |
| Chronic disease history | .023 | |||
| Yes | 95 (28.88) | 39 (37.14) | 56 (25) | |
| No | 234 (71.12) | 66 (62.85) | 168 (75) | |
| History of falls within 1 year | .121 | |||
| Yes | 23 (6.99) | 4 (3.81) | 19 (8.48) | |
| No | 306 (93.01) | 101 (96.19) | 205 (91.52) | |
| Do you live alone? | .538 | |||
| yes | 276 (83.89) | 90 (85.71) | 186 (83.04) | |
| No | 53 (16.11) | 15 (14.29) | 38 (16.96) | |
| Smoking history | .162 | |||
| Yes | 93 (28.27) | 35 (33.33) | 58 (25.89) | |
| No | 236 (71.73) | 70 (66.67) | 166 (74.11) | |
| History of alcohol consumption | .383 | |||
| Yes | 93 (28.27) | 33 (31.43) | 60 (26.78) | |
| No | 236 (71.73) | 72 (68.57) | 164 (73.21) | |
| FRS | .017 | |||
| Painful | 51 (15.50) | 9 (8.57) | 42 (18.75) | |
| No pain | 278 (84.50) | 96 (91.43) | 182 (81.75) |
BMI, body mass index; FRS, Facial Expression Rating Scale.
Data were expressed as percentage, median (IQR).
Bolded values indicate statistical significance at P<.05.
Differences Among Different Dimensions of Intrinsic Capacity
As Table 2 illustrated, the results of the comparison between male and female older adults in terms of the 5 dimensions of cognitive, mobility, nutritional, perceptual, and psychological performance showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in all of the subdimensions of intrinsic and extrinsic competence (all P > .05). For different age groups, significant differences were found in the dimension of cognition, mobility and perception, but there were no significant differences for the dimensions of nutrition and psychology (Table 3).
Table 2.
Distribution of the Prevalence of Intrinsic Capacity Decline and the Rate of Impairment of the 5 Dimensions in Different Gender (%)
| Gender | Reduced Intrinsic Ability | Cognitive Impairment | Decreased Mobility | Nutritional Impairment | Visual Impairment | Hearing Impairment | Decreased Mental Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 184) number (percentage) |
125 (67.93%) | 63 (34.24%) | 53 (28.80%) | 13 (7.07%) | 43 (23.37%) | 42 (22.83%) | 4 (2.17%) |
| Female (n = 145) number (percentage) |
99 (68.28%) | 50 (34.48%) | 45 (31.03%) | 12 (8.28%) | 50 (34.48%) | 24 (16.55%) | 4 (2.76%) |
| P | .947 | .963 | .661 | .681 | .026 | .158 | .732 |
Table 3.
Prevalence of Decline in Intrinsic Capacity and Impairment in the 5 Dimensions Among Older Persons of Different Age Groups (%)
| Age | Reduced Intrinsic Ability | Cognitive Impairment | Decreased Mobility | Nutritional Impairment | Visual Impairment | Hearing Impairment | Decreased Mental Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 - <70 (n = 164) number (percentage) |
98 (59.76%) | 42 (25.61%) | 42 (25.61%) | 16 (9.76%) | 34 (20.73%) | 12 (7.32%) | 3 (1.83%) |
| 70 - <80 (n = 140) number (percentage) |
103 (73.57%) | 58 (41.43%) | 44 (31.43%) | 9 (6.43%) | 49 (35.00%) | 41 (29.29%) | 5 (3.57%) |
| ≥80 (n = 25) number (percentage) |
23 (92.00%) | 13 (52.00%) | 12 (48.00%) | 0(0%) | 10 (40.00%) | 13 (52.00%) | 0 (0%) |
| P | .001 | .002 | .063 | .181 | .009 | <.001 | .440 |
The Table 4 presented the results of the comparison of the differences in the subdimensions of intrinsic ability across age for older adults of a single gender. It was noteworthy that the percentage of cognitive impairment was 30.00%, 34.21%, and 55.56% among male older adults aged 60-70, 70-80, and over 80 years, respectively. However, the differences were not statistically significant. A comparable situation was observed in the assessment of nutritional and psychological levels. The male older adults in different age groups exhibited statistically significant differences in dimensions of mobility and hearing. In contrast to the findings observed in male older adults, a significant difference in cognitive level was identified among female older adults in different age groups (P = .001). Furthermore, a similar pattern was observed in the heraring level of the female older adults in different age groups.
Table 4.
Prevalence of Decline in the Intrinsic Capacity and Impairment in the 5 Dimensions in Different Gender and Age Groups (%)
| Projects | Male | P | Female | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 - <70 (n = 90) number (percentage) |
70 - <80 (n = 76) number (percentage) |
≥80 (n = 18) number (percentage) |
60 - <70 (n = 74) number (percentage) |
70 - <80 (n = 64) number (percentage) |
≥80 (n = 7) number (percentage) |
|||
| Reduced intrinsic ability | 54 (60.00%) | 54 (71.05%) | 17 (94.44%) | .013 | 44 (59.46%) | 49 (76.56%) | 6 (85.71%) | .059 |
| Cognitive impairment | 27 (30.00%) | 26 (34.21%) | 10 (55.56%) | .114 | 15 (20.27%) | 32 (50.00%) | 3 (42.86%) | .001 |
| Decreased mobility | 24 (26.67%) | 19 (25.00%) | 10 (55.56%) | .030 | 18 (24.32%) | 25 (39.06%) | 2 (28.57%) | .173 |
| Nutritional impairment | 9 (10.00%) | 4 (5.26%) | 0 (0%) | .232 | 7 (9.46%) | 5 (7.81%) | 0 (0%) | .675 |
| Visual impairment | 15 (16.67%) | 21 (27.63%) | 7 (38.89%) | .066 | 19 (25.68%) | 28 (43.75%) | 3 (42.86%) | .075 |
| Hearing impairment | 8 (8.89%) | 24 (31.58%) | 10 (55.56%) | <.001 | 4 (5.41%) | 17 (26.56%) | 3 (42.86%) | .001 |
| Decreased mental status | 2 (2.22%) | 2 (2.63%) | 0 (0%) | .788 | 1 (1.35%) | 3 (4.69%) | 0 (0%) | .442 |
Factors Predicting Overall Survival
The findings from the univariate and multivariate logistic proportional hazards analyses are displayed in Table 5. In terms of demographics, neither sex nor age had a significant effect on the reduction of intrinsic capacity. A positive 5-times sit-up test was found to be positively associated with the reduced intrinsic capacity during a physical examination. Additionally, older adults with a higher waist circumference showed a lower probability of reduced intrinsic capacity. There was no significant correlation between calf circumference and grip strength and intrinsic ability. The findings of the study indicated that a lack of a history of chronic disease was a protective factor for reduced intrinsic capacity in terms of lifestyle habits. However, there was no association among medication status, literacy, smoking history, or alcohol consumption history and reduced intrinsic capacity. Furthermore, FRS scores were correlated with reduced intrinsic energy, which may have the potential to serve as a simple screening method for reduced intrinsic capacity.
Table 5.
Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with the Decline of Intrinsic Capacity in the Older Adults
| Characteristic | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age (>65 vs. ≤65) | 0.984 | 0.617-1.570 | .947 | – | – | – |
| Sex (Male vs. Female) | 1.299 | 0.760-2.222 | .339 | – | – | – |
| BMI (>24 kg/m2 vs. ≤24 kg/m2) | 1.012 | 0.636-1.610 | .960 | – | – | – |
| Waist (>82 cm vs. ≤82 cm) | 0.601 | 1.041-2.660 | .034 | 0.541 | 0.314-0.931 | .026 |
| Calf circumference (M>36 cm F>33 cm vs. M≤36 cm F≤33 cm) | 1.435 | 0.893-2.304 | .136 | – | – | – |
| Grip strength (M>32 kg F>27 kg vs. M≤32 kg F≤27 kg) | 0.611 | 0.363-1.028 | .063 | – | – | – |
| Five times sitting up time (>12 s vs ≤12 s) | 10.989 | 5.435-22.222 | <.001 | 10.309 | 5.076-20.833 | <.001 |
| Medication status (taking medication vs. not taking medication) | 0.794 | 0.206-3.058 | .737 | – | – | – |
| Educational level (above junior high school vs. junior high school) | 0.672 | 0.421-1.071 | .095 | – | – | – |
| Chronic disease history (yes vs no) | 0.564 | 0.343-0.929 | .024 | 0.608 | 0.340-1.088 | .094 |
| Smoking (ever vs. never) | 0.699 | 0.422-1.168 | .163 | – | – | – |
| Alcohol consumption (ever vs never) | 0.798 | 0.481-1.326 | .384 | – | – | – |
| FRS (>0 vs =0) | 2.463 | 1.149-5.263 | .020 | 2.212 | 0.970-5.051 | .059 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; FRS, Facial Expression Rating Scale.
The modelP-value of the logistic regression was found to be less than .001.
Bolded values indicate statistical significance at P<.05.
The univariate analysis identified a number of significant variables, and these were included in the multivariate analysis, which is presented in Table 5. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that a waist circumference of ≤82 cm (odds ratio [OR], 0.541; 95% CI, 0.314 to 0.931; P = .026) and a positive 5-time chair stand test (OR, 10.309; 95% CI, 5.076 to 20.833; P < .001) were independent factors in the development of sarcopenia. Furthermore, no significant correlations among literacy, FRS, and reduced intrinsic capacity were found.
Discussion
The results of this study showed that the prevalence of declining intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older adults in Kunshan was 68.09%. It has been demonstrated that reduced intrinsic capacity is positively associated with elevated rates of hospitalization and mortality, and that it can result in the occurrence of serious adverse events. Consequently, in circumstances where levels of reduced intrinsic capacity are elevated, the identification of novel screening and intervention modalities is imperative.
The study found that older adults with reduced intrinsic capacity exhibited a higher likelihood of suffering from chronic diseases and a lower educational attainment than those with normal intrinsic capacity. However, the latter did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference. A comparison of the FRS scores between the 2 groups revealed that older adults with reduced intrinsic capacity exhibited higher FRS scores. When comparing different age groups, significant between-group differences were found for cognition, mobility and perception.
Grip strength was significantly higher in those with normal intrinsic capacity than in those with reduced intrinsic capacity. Grip strength is positively correlated with intrinsic ability scores, and older adults with good upper extremity grip strength have a reduced risk of developing intrinsic ability decline. Grip strength is an important indicator of intrinsic ability in older adults.11 Low grip strength is one of the indicators for the diagnosis of sarcopenia,12 which reflects the decline in intrinsic ability and impaired ability to perform activities of daily living in older adults.
The findings of the study indicated that a lack of a history of chronic disease was a protective factor for reduced intrinsic capacity in terms of lifestyle habits. Furthermore, FRS scores were correlated with reduced intrinsic energy, which may have the potential to serve as a simple screening method for reduced intrinsic capacity.
The results demonstrated a notable discrepancy in the proportion of individuals who achieved a positive 5-times sit-up test between the 2 groups, which was statistically significant. A positive 5-times sit-up test was found to be positively associated with reduced intrinsic capacity in the context of a physical examination. Additionally, older adults with a higher waist circumference exhibited a lower probability of reduced intrinsic capacity. The results of the logistic regression indicated that a waist circumference of ≤82 cm and positive 5-time chair stand test were independent factors in the development of sarcopenia. This phenomenon may be attributable to the fact that a decrease in waist circumference is indicative of both a decrease in nutritional status and a decrease in muscle mass in older adults. Consequently, muscle loss can result in reduced mobility. It is precisely through the 2 dimensions of nutrition and exercise that a decrease in waist circumference exerts an influence on intrinsic capacity. However, this hypothesis requires validation through the use of additional biomarkers, such as serology, and must be substantiated by increasingly rigorous cohort studies. Furthermore, the relationship between intrinsic capacity and the dimensions that define it is a subject that merits exploration.
In conclusion, the findings of this study provided useful guidance to improve the intrinsic capacity and functioning of older adults in the community, and reduce dependence on care. Intrinsic capacity is more in line with the requirements of a healthy aging society than, for example, the assessment of the capacity of older persons, and is becoming the focus of attention and the future of the field of geriatrics. The assessment of intrinsic capacity is the basis for monitoring of the trajectory of intrinsic capacity changes. In the future, more research is needed to confirm the relationship between sarcopenia and intrinsic capacity further in the context of healthy aging, and to conduct timely assessments of intrinsic capacity in older adults with a diagnosis of sarcopenia. The assessment-based intrinsic capacity intervention system moves the window of the aging process forward, effectively ensures that the intrinsic capacity of older adults is maintained at a high level, and prevents or delays the decline of older adults’s ability to live, thus promoting the realization of healthy aging in older adults.
Funding Statement
The study was supported by Community-based screening for thoracolumbar fragility fractures to establish a medical network for early prevention of osteoporosis (LSD2022022).
Footnotes
Ethics Committee Approval: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinxi People’s Hospital in Kunshan City (Approval Number: EC-20190731-1033; Date: 03.10.2022
Informed Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from the patientswho agreed to take part in the study.
Peer-review: Externally peer-reviewed.
Author Contributions: Concept – J.X., Y.L.Y.; Design – Q.F.G., R.R.Y.; Supervision – Z.F.W., L.W.; Resources – P.C., Y.Y.; Materials – D.D.X., Q.F.G.; Data Collection and/or Processing – R.R.Y., J.X.; Analysis and/or Interpretation – Y.L.Y., D.D.X.; Literature Search – Q.F.G., Y.Y.; Writing – J.X., Y.L.Y.; Critical Review – L.W., Z.F.W.
Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Data Availability Statement:
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Associated Data
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Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.