Abstract
1. A ribosome–cell sap system capable of supporting the incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into protein has been prepared from Krebs II mouse ascites-tumour cells. The requirements of this system for optimum activity and response to added messenger RNA have been investigated. One such system has been obtained for which amino acid incorporation is almost wholly dependent on the addition of suitable messenger RNA. 2. Ribosomes of widely different but predictable activities in the cell-free system have been prepared from Krebs cells pretreated in a variety of ways. The factors in the pretreatment of the cells responsible for these differences have been investigated. 3. The structural and functional properties of these different ribosome preparations and their response to exogenous messenger RNA have been examined and are discussed in the light of modern concepts of the control of protein synthesis.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ALLEN E. H., GLASSMAN E., CORDES E., SCHWEET R. S. Incorporation of amino acids into ribonucleic acid. II. Amino acid transfer ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1960 Apr;235:1068–1074. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ALLEN E. H., GLASSMAN E., SCHWEET R. S. Incorporation of amino acids into ribonucleic acid. I. The role of activating enzymes. J Biol Chem. 1960 Apr;235:1061–1067. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ARNSTEIN H. R., COX R. A., HUNT J. A. Function of polyuridylic acid and ribonucleic acid in protein biosynthesis by ribosomes from mammalian reticulocytes. Nature. 1962 Jun 16;194:1042–1044. doi: 10.1038/1941042a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Arnstein H. R., Cox R. A., Hunt J. A. The function of high-molecular-weight ribonucleic acid from rabbit reticulocytes in haemoglobin biosynthesis. Biochem J. 1964 Sep;92(3):648–661. doi: 10.1042/bj0920648. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barondes S. H., Nirenberg M. W. Fate of a Synthetic Polynucleotide Directing Cell-Free Protein Synthesis I. Characteristics of Degradation. Science. 1962 Nov 16;138(3542):810–813. doi: 10.1126/science.138.3542.810. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COX R. A., ARNSTEIN H. R. THE ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ACID-BASE PROPERTIES OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM RABBIT-RETICULOCYTE RIBOSOMES. Biochem J. 1963 Dec;89:574–584. doi: 10.1042/bj0890574. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIES J., GILBERT W., GORINI L. STREPTOMYCIN, SUPPRESSION, AND THE CODE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 May;51:883–890. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.5.883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DUMONDE D. C., BITENSKY L., CUNNINGHAM G. J., CHAYEN J. THE EFFECTS OF ANTIBODIES ON CELLS. I. BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ANTIBODIES AND COMPLEMENT ON ASCITES TUMOUR CELLS. Immunology. 1965 Jan;8:25–36. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ELLEM K. A., COLTER J. S. The intzraction of infectious ribonucleic acids with mammalian cells. III. Comparison of infection and RNA uptake in the HeLa cell-polio RNA and L cell-mengo RNA systems. Virology. 1961 Oct;15:113–126. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(61)90228-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FAULKNER P., MARTIN E. M., SVED S., VALENTINE R. C., WORK T. S. Studies on protein and nucleic acid metabolism in virus-infected mammalian cells. 2. The isolation, crystallization and chemical characterization of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. Biochem J. 1961 Sep;80:597–605. doi: 10.1042/bj0800597. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOLDBERG I. H., RABINOWITZ M., REICH E. Basis of actinomycin action. I. DNA binding and inhibition of RNA-polymerase synthetic reactions by actinomycin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Dec 15;48:2094–2101. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.12.2094. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HULTIN T. ON THE MECHANISM OF RIBOSOMAL ACTIVATION IN NEWLY FERTILIZED SEA URCHIN EGGS. Dev Biol. 1964 Oct;10:305–328. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(64)90047-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HURWITZ J., FURTH J. J., MALAMY M., ALEXANDER M. The role of deoxyribonucleic acid in ribonucleic acid synthesis. III. The inhibition of the enzymatic synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid by actinomycin D and proflavin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jul 15;48:1222–1230. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.7.1222. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KERR I. M., MARTIN E. M., HAMILTON M. G., WORK T. S. The initiation of virus protein synthesis in Krebs ascites tumor cells infected with EMC virus. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1962;27:259–269. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1962.027.001.025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEVINTHAL C., KEYNAN A., HIGA A. Messenger RNA turnover and protein synthesis in B. subtilis inhibited by actinomycin D. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Sep 15;48:1631–1638. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.9.1631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LITTAUER U. Z., EISENBERG H. Ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli; preparation, characterization and physical properties. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1959 Apr;32:320–337. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(59)90604-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laws J. O., Stickland L. H. The effect of washing procedures on the phosphate metabolism of Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells. Biochem J. 1963 Jun;87(3):520–525. doi: 10.1042/bj0870520. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MARTIN E. M., MALEC J., SVED S., WORK T. S. Studies on protein and nucleic acid metabolism in virus-infected mammalian cells. 1. Encephalomyocarditis virus in Krebs II mouse-ascites-tumour cells. Biochem J. 1961 Sep;80:585–597. doi: 10.1042/bj0800585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MATTHAEI J. H., NIRENBERG M. W. Characteristics and stabilization of DNAase-sensitive protein synthesis in E. coli extracts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Oct 15;47:1580–1588. doi: 10.1073/pnas.47.10.1580. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marks P. A., Burka E. R., Conconi F. M., Perl W., Rifkind R. A. Polyribosome dissociation and formation in intact reticulocytes with conservation of messenger ribonucleic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Jun;53(6):1437–1443. doi: 10.1073/pnas.53.6.1437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SIMKIN J. L., WORK T. S. Protein synthesis in guinea-pig liver; incorporation of radioactive amino acids into proteins of the microsome fraction in vivo. Biochem J. 1957 Feb;65(2):307–315. doi: 10.1042/bj0650307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STAEHELIN T., WETTSTEIN F. O., NOLL H. Breakdown of rat-liver ergosomes in vivo after actinomycin inhibition of messenger RNA synthesis. Science. 1963 Apr 12;140(3563):180–183. doi: 10.1126/science.140.3563.180. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SZER W., OCHOA S. COMPLEXING ABILITY AND CODING PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC POLYNUCLEOTIDES. J Mol Biol. 1964 Jun;8:823–834. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(64)80163-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]