Table 4. Association of habitual tongue and lip posture in the first assessment with exclusive and supplemented breastfeeding in the sixth month and with breastfeeding in the twelfth month.
| Variable | EBF in the sixth month (n=33) | BF in the sixth month (n=33) | BF in the first year (n=20) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) | No n (%) | p-value | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | p-value | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | *p-value | |
| Habitual lip posture | |||||||||
| Open lips | 2 (28.6) | 17 (65.4) | 0.072 | 14 (58.4) | 5 (55.6) | 0.968 | 6 (85.7) | 8 (61.5) | 0.193 |
| Parted lips | 3 (42.8) | 8 (30.8) | 8 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (7.7) | |||
| Closed lips | 2 (28.6) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 4 (30.8) | |||
| Habitual tongue posture | |||||||||
| Within the oral cavity | 4 (57.1) | 7 (26.9) | 0.313 | 8 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 0.907 | 2 (28.6) | 4 (30.8) | 0.326 |
| Between alveolar ridges | 2 (28.6) | 11 (42.3) | 9 (37.5) | 4 (44.5) | 1 (14.3) | 6 (46.2) | |||
| Over the lower lip | 1 (14.3) | 8 (30.8) | 7 (29.2) | 2 (22.2) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (23) | |||
Pearson's chi-square test
*
Significant p-value ≤ 0.05
Caption: EBF = exclusive breastfeeding; BF = breastfeeding; n = absolute frequency; % = relative frequency