Table 1.

Bibliographic review summary.

Reference	No. of RES types	Islanded operation	100% renewable	Battery storage	H2V storage	Comments
2	2	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	This paper evaluates the islanded operation of a microgrid comprised of wind, solar, and battery power. The analysis is conducted over a 24-hour horizon.
3	2	No	Yes	Yes	No	The objective is to assess the main challenges for 100% emissions-free microgrids. The article does not propose new methods for sizing or analyzing microgrid operations.
4	1	Yes	No	Yes	No	The objective is to evaluate the feasibility of an isolated microgrid being 100% served by PV and BESS sources, minimizing the use of a diesel generator.
5	1	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	The study considers one type of generation source. The focus is on meeting 100% of demand, and does not include a sensitivity analysis regarding the cost of reliability.
6	1	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	The objective is to build a zero carbon microgrid using multi-objective optimization to minimize total cost, exchanged energy and maximize installed renewable energy.
7	2	No	No	No	Yes	The study proposes a sizing method based on sensitivity analysis involving LCOE, discount rate and fuel price increase rate, however, it does not present a sensitivity analysis between costs and pre-defined reliability criteria.
8	1	No	Yes	Yes	No	This paper proposes an analysis of a microgrid with different renewable generation penetration rates, focusing on the stability and control strategies of electronic converters. Economic and load-supply reliability analyses are beyond the scope of this work.
9	1	Yes	Yes	No	No	This paper proposes a control strategy for a microgrid with multiple distributed sources. The focus is on transient analysis in microgrids consisting of GFM and GFL inverters. A planning (sizing) study focusing on economic and reliability assessment is beyond the scope of this paper.
10	1	Yes	No	Yes	No	The objective is to optimize a set of operational parameters, considering the tradeoff between operating costs and microgrid reliability. The methodology does not include the analysis of multiple sources or hybrid storage systems, nor does it include sensitivity analysis between the total costs and different predefined levels of reliability.
11	–	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	The objective is to optimize power flow between microgrid components and propose a dynamic operating scheme for the storage system. It uses a numerical index to quantify microgrid reliability. However, the focus does not include assessing the cost of reliability in serving the load.
12	3	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	The objective is to optimize the operation of an isolated microgrid with multiple sources and hydrogen. The approach includes a technical and economic analysis of the microgrid’s operation. The work consists of an economic feasibility analysis based on the prices of the microgrid components. However, it does not include an assessment of economic feasibility based on the reliability of meeting demand.
13	2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	This paper proposes a technical-economic analysis of a microgrid with two renewable sources and a hybrid storage system. It also proposes an economic sensitivity analysis based on the expected cost reductions of the main microgrid components, without considering different load-supply reliability criteria.
14	3	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	It proposes the use of stochastic optimization to design an off-grid microgrid with multiple sources, hydrogen, and electric vehicles. The methodology does not include a cost analysis of load-servicing reliability.
15	3	No	Yes	No	Yes	This paper proposes a strategy for planning a system with multiple renewable generation sources and hydrogen storage. The objective is to reduce the installation and maintenance costs of the integrated system. Economic analyses of the cost of reliability are beyond the scope of this work.
16	2	No	No	No	Yes	The objective of the study is to evaluate the integration of green hydrogen into smart grids. The work does not address integration with other storage technologies, such as BESS, or the integration of these resources into isolated zero-carbon microgrids.