This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-chief.
Post-publication, an investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. During the various stages of revision, the authors R. Mohammed, Uwe Aickelin, FM. Jumaah, M.M. Salih, A.H. Alamoodi, Mamoun Alazab, A. Alnoor and J.R. Al-Obaidi were added to the paper. These changes were made with unfeasible contribution statements, without explanation and without exceptional approval by the journal editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to these changes. These changes could not be justified by the requirements of peer review.
Additionally, during the investigation, Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team found a significant increase of citations to papers published by some of the authors, between the original submission and the revised version of this article. In summary, three papers by the author A Zaidan were cited in the original version of the article. This increased to 34 papers in the revised version of the article. Two papers by the author B Zaidan was cited in the original version of the article. This increased to 29 papers in the revised version of the article. One paper by the author A Albahri was cited in the original version of the article. This increased to 26 papers in the revised version of the article. These additional sources could not be justified by the requirements of peer review.
The Editor has determined that the authorship cannot be relied upon, and has lost confidence in the integrity and findings of the article and has determined it should be retracted.