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Chinese Journal of Hepatology logoLink to Chinese Journal of Hepatology
. 2018 May 20;26(5):342–346. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.05.006

Fibro Scan和APRI对肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张程度的预测价值

Correlation between Fibro Scan, APRI Detecting the degree of esophageal and gastric varices of liver cirrhosis

Wang Shuai 1, Zhang Wei 1, Zhang Fan 1,通信作者:, Qian Zhen 2, Wang Lifeng 1, Ren Lejie 1, Yang Song 1
Editor: 彭 智
PMCID: PMC12769860  PMID: 29996201

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the predictive value of transient elastography (Fibro Scan), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in the detection of esophagogastric varices in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods

236 patients with liver cirrhosis who met the criteria were selected. All patients underwent gastroscopy. According to the degree of esophagogastric varices, patients were divided into four groups: none, mild, moderate, and severe. The patient's liver stiffness (LSM) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) were measured within 3 days of gastroscopy. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare multi-group data. The ROC curves of LSM, APRI, LSM+APRI in patients with liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices were plotted and their area under the ROC curve (AUC) were compared.

Results

The area under the ROC curve of LSM, APRI, LSM+APRI in patients with mild esophagogastric varices were 0.856, 0.900, and 0.906, respectively; moderate esophagogastric varices were 0.857, 0.924, and 0.923 respectively; and severe esophagogastric varices were 0.801, 0.903, and 0.901, respectively.

Conclusion

APRI and LSM+APRI have better predictive value for patients with cirrhosis who have esophagogastric varices.

Keywords: Liver cirrhosis, Esophagus, Varicose veins, Diagnosis, Fibro Scan, APRI


门静脉压力增高后引起食管胃底静脉曲张,一旦破裂出现上消化道大出血,是导致患者死亡的最常见原因[1,2]。早期发现和预测食管胃底静脉曲张的程度,及早积极采取干预性治疗措施是降低其病死率的重要手段[3]。我们对经胃镜检查的236例病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者,检测肝脏硬度值(liver stiffness measure,LSM)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数(aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index,APRI),探讨二者对肝硬化患者合并食管胃底静脉曲张程度的诊断预测价值。

资料与方法

1.研究对象:选取河南科技大学第三附属医院在2013年1月1日至2015年12月1日行电子胃镜检查的肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者的资料,病毒性肝炎后肝硬化的诊断符合肝硬化的诊断标准[4];食管胃底静脉曲张程度诊断依据为《消化道静脉曲张及出血的内镜诊断和治疗规范试行方案(2009年)》[5],将其分为无静脉曲张、轻度静脉曲张、中度静脉曲张、重度静脉曲张组。排除标准:(1)存在孤立性胃底静脉曲张瘤;肝癌及合并其他恶性肿瘤;引起血小板异常的其他非肝疾病;行肝脏或者脾脏介入术的患者;行门体分流术或者经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术的患者。(2)1周内进行过血液透析、腹膜透析、输血或应用血制品,检测肝功能、血常规指标1周内使用过影响机体凝血机制与天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、血小板(blood platelet,PLT)水平的药物等。

2.电子胃镜和LSM检查:采用Olympus GF150电子胃镜(购自日本奥林巴斯株式会社)检查,观察有无食管胃底静脉曲张及食管胃底静脉曲张的程度。均由经验丰富的高年资医师操作,事前经过统一培训。LSM检测采用Fibro Scan 502瞬时弹性扫描仪(购自法国Echosens公司),检测方法参照Fibro Scan用户手册,操作医师均受过专业培训;LSM最终结果取10次测量数据的中位数,单位为k Pa[6]。入组患者在行电子胃镜检查3d内,检测LSM、肝功能生物化学指标、血常规。

3.肝功能和血常规指标检查:为尽量减小误差,采集患者清晨空腹外周静脉血,同一天抽血同一天检测,运输和保存温度均在4~8℃,由检验科专业技术人员按照操作手册进行操作。肝功能使用德国西门子公司生产的ADVIA 2400全自动生物化学分析仪进行检测,检测ALT和AST,使用肝素抗凝管,3000r/min,离心10min,取血浆进行检测。血常规使用德国西门子公司生产的ADVIA 2120i全自动五分类血细胞分析仪进行检测,使用EDTA抗凝管,全血进行检测。

4.肝炎病毒标志物检测:血标本收集、保存同前,使用促凝管,3000r/min,离心10min,取血清检测。乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒标志物检测均采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),试剂购自北京万泰生物公司。

5.临床研究路线图:研究路线见图1。

图1. 临床研究路线图.

图1

注:APRI:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数;ROC:受试者工作特征曲线

6.统计学方法:采用SPSS22.0统计软件,计量资料用均数±标准差(Inline graphic±s)表示,多组计量资料的比较经正态性和方差齐性检验,方差齐则采用单因素方差分析,计数资料用x2检验。以电子胃镜检查诊断结果为金标准绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curves,ROC),选取最佳阈值即灵敏度和特异度之和最大值所对应的值,根据ROC曲线下的面积(the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves,AUC)评价其诊断结果的准确性。

结果

1.患者的基本情况:共收集病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者236例,男性117例,女性119例,年龄31~82(54.1±11.9)岁;其中乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者139例,丙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者97例;肝功能Child-Pugh A级162例、Child-Pugh B级63例、Child-Pugh C级11例。236例患者中无食管胃底静脉曲张组72例,男性33例,女性39例,平均年龄(54.6±13.7)岁;轻度组37例,男性20例,女性17例,平均年龄(58.3±11.7)岁;中度组62例,男性30例,女性32例,平均年龄(54.3±10.3)岁;重度组65例,男性34例,女性31例,平均年龄(51.5±10.8)岁。4组患者之间年龄及性别的差异均无统计学意义。

2.食管静脉曲张程度与LSM、APRI值的关系:电子胃镜的检查结果显示,食管静脉曲张程度越重,LSM值及APRI值越高,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),见表1。当LSM值≥15k Pa且APRI≥1.5时,常常提示患者处于轻中度食管胃底静脉曲张;LSM值≥23k Pa且APRI≥2.5时,常常提示患者处于重度食管胃底静脉曲张。

表1. 肝脏硬度值、APRl与食管静脉曲张程度的关系分析(x¯±s).

分组 例数 肝脏硬度值(kPa) APRI值
无曲张 72 17.9±3.7 1.4±0.5
轻度曲张 37 21.7±6.2 1.8±0.6
中度曲张 62 26.6±6.7 2.5±0.6
重度曲张 65 30.6±7.9 3.5±1.0
F值 46.989 97.933
P值 <0.01 <0.01

注:APRI:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数

3.各指标对静脉曲张程度的预测价值:食管静脉曲张轻度组LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI的ROC曲线的AUC分别为0.856、0.900、0.906(图2);中度组LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI的ROC曲线的AUC分别是0.857、0.924、0.923(图3);重度组LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI的ROC曲线的AUC分别是0.801、0.903、0.901(图4)。以ROC曲线的AUC、阈值、灵敏度、特异度、95%可信区间分别评估LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI对食管胃底静脉曲张程度的诊断和预测效果,结果见表2,提示APRI及LSM+APRI对食管胃底静脉曲张程度有良好的诊断效果。

图2. 轻度食管胃底静脉曲张组LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI的ROC曲线图.

图2

注:LSM:肝脏硬度值;APRI:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数;ROC:受试者工作特征曲线

图3. 中度食管胃底静脉曲张组LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI的ROC曲线图.

图3

注:LSM:肝脏硬度值;APRI:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数;ROC:受试者工作特征曲线

图4. 重度食管胃底静脉曲张组LSM、APRI、LSM+APRI的ROC曲线图.

图4

注:LSM:肝脏硬度值;APRI:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数;ROC:受试者工作特征曲线

表2. 各指标对食管胃底静脉曲张程度的预测性能.

分级 AUC 阈值 灵敏度 特异度 95%可信区间
轻度 LSM 0.856 23.85 0.632 0.030 0.807~0.904
APRI 0.900 0.885 0.847 0.152 0.859~0.941
LSM+APRI 0.906 — 0.889 0.212 0.867~0.945
中度 LSM 0.857 23.85 0.692 0.129 0.808~0.905
APRI 0.924 1.210 0.744 0.054 0.890~0.958
LSM+APRI 0.923 — 0.769 0.065 0.889~0.957
重度 LSM 0.801 22.80 0.833 0.347 0.740~0.862
APRI 0.903 1.275 0.867 0.207 0.858~0.947
LSM+APRI 0.901 — 0.783 0.127 0.855~0.946

注:LSM:肝脏硬度值;APRI:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血小板比率指数;AUC:受试者工作特征曲线下的面积

讨论

早期预测食管胃底静脉曲张的程度,采取积极有效的预防措施,是提高肝硬化患者生存率的关键[7]。电子胃镜检查可明确食管胃底静脉曲张状态[8];但电子胃镜属侵入性检查,部分患者不能接受,依从性差,不能定期复查,继而延误诊疗,因此,迫切需要寻找一种无创性方法来及早地预测肝硬化患者合并食管胃底静脉曲张的程度[9]。

世界卫生组织乙型肝炎防治指南围绕肝纤维化的无创检查推荐建议:在资源有限的情况下,推荐使用APRI作为无创性肝纤维化评估的首选检测方法;在有设备且经济条件允许的情况下,则推荐瞬时弹性成像(Fibro Scan)作为无创性肝纤维化评估的首选检测方法[10]。Castera等[11]报道Fibro Scan在预测肝纤维方面优于APRI,本研究资料显示,APRI在预测肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张的程度方面优于Fibro Scan,与Castera等[11]报道不一致,这可能与肝硬化患者易出现腹水、黄疸、肝功能异常等并发症,从而对Fibro Scan干扰较大有关。Fibro Scan检测的准确性易受肥胖、炎症坏死、肋间隙狭窄和腹水等因素的影响[12]。

Fibro Scan测得的LSM与门静脉高压(以肝静脉压力梯度为金标准)显著相关[13,14];可辅助诊断门静脉高压及判断静脉曲张破裂出血的风险[15,16]。APRI用作肝硬化或肝纤维化的无创诊断模型,具有较高灵敏度与特异度[17]。随着静脉曲张程度的加重,APRI数值也在不断增大,表明该模型对预测食管静脉曲张程度具有重要的临床价值。APRI评分无创、取材简单方便,但慢性肝炎患者常使用一些药物,有可能影响AST水平。因此,在计算APRI评分时需要排除这些因素的干扰。

本研究结果显示,当病毒性肝炎肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张患者LSM值≥15k Pa且APRI≥1.5时,常提示患者处于轻中度食管胃底静脉曲张,有助于早期识别需行预防的肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张患者;这时患者应该做好自身方面的预防,加强Fibro Scan联合APRI随访,防止病情进一步加重及破裂出血,降低病死率,提高预后效果[18]。《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2015更新版)》[19]中提出成人APRI>2预示患者已经发生肝硬化了,这与本研究结果差别不大,其原因为二者之间的联合,需同时满足LSM值≥15k Pa且APRI≥1.5。Fibro Scan联合APRI对重度食管胃底静脉曲张也存在有效的预测和诊断价值。本资料显示,当病毒性肝炎肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张患者LSM值≥23k Pa且APRI≥2.5时,常提示患者处于重度食管胃底静脉曲张,并结合相关检查明确诊断后,可积极采取药物和手术治疗。

Fibro Scan联合APRI可作为一种无创性检查方法,对于食管胃底静脉曲张程度的诊断和预测存在较高的价值,有助于早期识别需行预防的肝硬化患者,防止破裂出血[20]。在资源有限的条件下,APRI也能够用来判断肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张的程度。

利益冲突

无

作者贡献声明

王帅、张帆:酝酿和设计课题;王帅、张威:数据收集、分析;王帅、王黎锋、任乐杰、杨松:统计学分析;王帅、钱珍:起草论文;张威、张帆:对文章的知识性内容作批评性审阅,给予本研究经费、行政、技术支持

Funding Statement

基金项目:2016年洛阳市科技计划项目(1603003A-6)

Fund program: 2016 Luoyang City Science and Technology Project (1603003A-6)

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