1Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
2Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
3Desmond Tutu Health Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
4Foundation for Professional Development, East London, South Africa
5Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
6Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
7Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
8Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
9Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
10Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
11Division of Infectious Diseases, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
© The Author(s) 2025
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