Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1978 Mar;276:193–209. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012228

Adaptive rundown of excitatory post-synaptic potentials at synapses between hair cells and eight nerve fibres in the goldfish.

T Furukawa, S Matsuura
PMCID: PMC1282419  PMID: 650439

Abstract

1. The excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s.) evoked by sound stimuli were recorded intracellularly from large afferent eight nerve fibres in the sacculus of the goldfish (S1 fibres). The fish were anaesthetized with MS-222 and spike potentials were suppressed with locally applied tetrodotoxin. 2. The e.p.s.p.s. successively evoked in response to each wound wave showed a marked rundown in size, while no reduction was observed in the microphonic potentials. The amplitude of successive e.p.s.p.s was reduced keeping approximately a fixed ratio to the preceding ones, suggesting that the rundown is attributable to a depletion of transmitter quanta from the release sites. 3. The rate of rundown of successive e.p.s.p.s, however, remained almost unchanged when the intensity of the stimulus sound was changed. It was also observed that, even after the e.p.s.p.s had been completely adapted to a continuous sound, a vigorous discharge of new e.p.s.p.s was observed when the intensity of the sound was increased. 4. These findings seem to indicate that it is the size of the readily available store and not the release fraction that is changed by a change in the sound intensity. 5. The saccular macula was superfused with solutions different in Ca and Mg ion concentrations. High Ca ion concentration brought about an increase in the size of the readily available store as well as the release fraction. 6. Mechanisms underlying these observations were discussed in terms of the quantal release mechanism as well as the morphology of the release sites.

Full text

PDF
193

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Auerbach A. A., Bennett M. V. A rectifying electrotonic synapse in the central nervous system of a vertebrate. J Gen Physiol. 1969 Feb;53(2):211–237. doi: 10.1085/jgp.53.2.211. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bennett M. R., Florin T., Hall R. The effect of calcium ions on the binomial statistic parameters which control acetylcholine release at synapses in striated muscle. J Physiol. 1975 May;247(2):429–446. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bennett M. R., Florin T., Pettigrew A. G. The effect of calcium ions on the binomial statistic parameters that control acetylcholine release at preganglionic nerve terminals. J Physiol. 1976 Jun;257(3):597–620. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bennett M. R., McLachlan E. M. An electrophysiological analysis of the storage of acetylcholine in preganglionic nerve terminals. J Physiol. 1972 Mar;221(3):657–668. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009774. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bennett M. R., McLachlan E. M. An electrophysiological analysis of the synthesis of acetylcholine in preganglionic nerve terminals. J Physiol. 1972 Mar;221(3):669–682. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009775. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Betz W. J. Depression of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog. J Physiol. 1970 Mar;206(3):629–644. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009034. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. CURTIS D. R., ECCLES J. C. Synaptic action during and after repetitive stimulation. J Physiol. 1960 Feb;150:374–398. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006393. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Christensen B. N., Martin A. R. Estimates of probability of transmitter release at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. J Physiol. 1970 Nov;210(4):933–945. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DEL CASTILLO J., KATZ B. Quantal components of the end-plate potential. J Physiol. 1954 Jun 28;124(3):560–573. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dodge F. A., Jr, Rahamimoff R. Co-operative action a calcium ions in transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. J Physiol. 1967 Nov;193(2):419–432. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008367. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Elmqvist D., Quastel D. M. A quantitative study of end-plate potentials in isolated human muscle. J Physiol. 1965 Jun;178(3):505–529. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007639. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Flock A., Russell I. Inhibition by efferent nerve fibres: action on hair cells and afferent synaptic transmission in the lateral line canal organ of the burbot Lota lota. J Physiol. 1976 May;257(1):45–62. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Furukawa T., Hayashida Y., Matsuura S. Quantal analysis of the size of excitatory post-synaptic potentials at synapses between hair cells and afferent nerve fibres in goldfish. J Physiol. 1978 Mar;276:211–226. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Furukawa T., Ishii Y., Matsuura S. An analysis of microphonic potentials of the sacculus of goldfish. Jpn J Physiol. 1972 Dec;22(6):603–616. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.22.603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Furukawa T., Ishii Y., Matsuura S. Synaptic delay and time course of postsynaptic potentials at the junction between hair cells and eighth nerve fibers in the goldfish. Jpn J Physiol. 1972 Dec;22(6):617–635. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.22.617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Furukawa T., Ishii Y. Neurophysiological studies on hearing in goldfish. J Neurophysiol. 1967 Nov;30(6):1377–1403. doi: 10.1152/jn.1967.30.6.1377. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Furukawa T. Synaptic interaction at the mauthner cell of goldfish. Prog Brain Res. 1966;21:44–70. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62971-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Goldberg J. M., Fernandez C. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey. I. Resting discharge and response to constant angular accelerations. J Neurophysiol. 1971 Jul;34(4):635–660. doi: 10.1152/jn.1971.34.4.635. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. HUBBARD J. I. REPETITIVE STIMULATION AT THE MAMMALIAN NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION, AND THE MOBILIZATION OF TRANSMITTER. J Physiol. 1963 Dec;169:641–662. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007286. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hama K. A study on the fine structure of the saccular macula of the gold fish. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1969;94(2):155–171. doi: 10.1007/BF00339353. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hama K., Saito K. Fine structure of the afferent synapse of the hair cells in the saccular macula of the goldfish, with special reference to the anastomosing tubules. J Neurocytol. 1977 Aug;6(4):361–373. doi: 10.1007/BF01178223. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Heuser J. E., Reese T. S. Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction. J Cell Biol. 1973 May;57(2):315–344. doi: 10.1083/jcb.57.2.315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hubbard J. I. Microphysiology of vertebrate neuromuscular transmission. Physiol Rev. 1973 Jul;53(3):674–723. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1973.53.3.674. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ishii Y., Matsuura S., Furukawa T. An input-output relation at the synapse between hair cells and eighth nerve fibers in goldfish. Jpn J Physiol. 1971 Feb;21(1):91–98. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.21.91. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Katz B., Miledi R. Further study of the role of calcium in synaptic transmission. J Physiol. 1970 May;207(3):789–801. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009095. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kusano K., Landau E. M. Depression and recovery of transmission at the squid giant synapse. J Physiol. 1975 Feb;245(1):13–32. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010832. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. LILEY A. W., NORTH K. A. An electrical investigation of effects of repetitive stimulation on mammalian neuromuscular junction. J Neurophysiol. 1953 Sep;16(5):509–527. doi: 10.1152/jn.1953.16.5.509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. MARTIN A. R. A further study of the statistical composition on the end-plate potential. J Physiol. 1955 Oct 28;130(1):114–122. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Matsuura S., Ikeda K., Furukawa T. Effects of Na + , K + , and ouabain on microphonic potentials of the goldfish inner ear. Jpn J Physiol. 1971 Oct;21(5):563–578. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.21.563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. McCandless D. L., Zablocka-Esplin B., Esplin D. W. Rates of transmitter turnover in the cat superior cervical ganglion estimated by electrophysiological techniques. J Neurophysiol. 1971 Sep;34(5):817–830. doi: 10.1152/jn.1971.34.5.817. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Miyamoto M. D. Binomial analysis of quantal transmitter release at glycerol treated frog neuromuscular junctions. J Physiol. 1975 Aug;250(1):121–142. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Nakajima Y., Wang D. W. Morphology of afferent and efferent synapses in hearing organ of the goldfish. J Comp Neurol. 1974 Aug 15;156(4):403–416. doi: 10.1002/cne.901560403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Perkins R. E., Morest D. K. A study of cochlear innervation patterns in cats and rats with the Golgi method and Nomarkski Optics. J Comp Neurol. 1975 Sep 15;163(2):129–158. doi: 10.1002/cne.901630202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Platt C. Hair cell distribution and orientation in goldfish otolith organs. J Comp Neurol. 1977 Mar 15;172(2):283–287. doi: 10.1002/cne.901720207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Spoendlin H. Innervation densities of the cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol. 1972 Feb-Mar;73(2):235–248. doi: 10.3109/00016487209138937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. TAKEUCHI A. The long-lasting depression in neuromuscular transmission of frog. Jpn J Physiol. 1958 Jun 15;8(2):102–113. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.8.102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. THIES R. E. NEUROMUSCULAR DEPRESSION AND THE APPARENT DEPLETION OF TRANSMITTER IN MAMMALIAN MUSCLE. J Neurophysiol. 1965 May;28:428–442. doi: 10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Wernig A. Estimates of statistical release parameters from crayfish and frog neuromuscular junctions. J Physiol. 1975 Jan;244(1):207–221. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp010792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Wernig A. The effects of calcium and magnesium on statistical release parameters at the crayfish neuromuscular junction. J Physiol. 1972 Nov;226(3):761–768. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp010008. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Yasargil G. M., Diamond J. Startle-response in teleost fish: an elementary circuit for neural discrimination. Nature. 1968 Oct 19;220(5164):241–243. doi: 10.1038/220241a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Zottoli S. J. Correlation of the startle reflex and Mauthner cell auditory responses in unrestrained goldfish. J Exp Biol. 1977 Feb;66(1):243–254. doi: 10.1242/jeb.66.1.243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES