Correction to “Evaluating linked ICD‐10 Medicare claims data as a method of dementia case ascertainment in research settings”

Bhattacharyya J, Barnes LL, Chen Y, et al. Evaluating linked ICD‐10 Medicare claims data as a method of dementia case ascertainment in research settings. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(5):e70200. doi:10.1002/alz.70200

In the paper by Bhattacharyya et al. (Evaluating linked ICD‐10 Medicare claims data as a method of dementia case ascertainment in research settings. Alzheimers Dement. 2025; 21:e70200. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70200), we identified errors requiring correction: an error in the early part of our coding which resulted in small changes in the performance metrics and regression model coefficients presented in the article, an error in the coding of the lookback period for one of the code definitions (Bynum Standard), and an error in our reporting citing use of a standard 1‐year lookback rather than a standard 3‐year lookback.

The overall conclusions of the paper did not change, although some details of the performance metrics did.

The authors regret these errors. We detail necessary changes to the text here and have reissued corrected versions of Tables 3, 4, 5, 6 below, reflecting changes to performance metrics and regression model coefficients.

TABLE 3.

Performance metrics of ICD‐10 code definitions with 3‐year lookback compared to Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center standard from October 2015 to December 2019, overall and by subgroup.

	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	RADC Dementia Status Prevalence	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	RADC Dementia Status Prevalence
Overall						0.09
CCW	0.89	0.61	0.91	0.42	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.92	0.57	0.95	0.54	0.96
Moura et al.	0.90	0.61	0.93	0.48	0.96
Jain et al.	0.92	0.43	0.97	0.61	0.94
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.90	0.61	0.93	0.48	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.86	0.64	0.89	0.36	0.96
Age	Younger age (< 80)					0.01	Older age (≥ 80)					0.14
CCW	0.96	0.61	0.96	0.18	0.99		0.85	0.61	0.88	0.46	0.93
Bynum Standard	0.98	0.48	0.98	0.27	0.99		0.88	0.57	0.93	0.57	0.93
Moura et al.	0.96	0.58	0.97	0.21	0.99		0.87	0.61	0.91	0.52	0.93
Jain et al.	0.98	0.29	0.99	0.31	0.99		0.89	0.44	0.96	0.63	0.91
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.96	0.58	0.97	0.21	0.99		0.87	0.61	0.91	0.52	0.93
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.95	0.65	0.95	0.15	0.99		0.81	0.64	0.84	0.40	0.94
Education	Lower education (< 16)					0.09	Higher education (≥ 16)					0.10
CCW	0.87	0.63	0.89	0.35	0.96		0.90	0.61	0.93	0.48	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.91	0.57	0.94	0.46	0.96		0.92	0.56	0.96	0.59	0.95
Moura et al.	0.89	0.62	0.91	0.40	0.96		0.91	0.60	0.94	0.53	0.96
Jain et al.	0.93	0.47	0.97	0.58	0.95		0.92	0.42	0.97	0.62	0.94
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.89	0.62	0.91	0.40	0.96		0.91	0.60	0.94	0.53	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.84	0.65	0.86	0.30	0.96		0.88	0.64	0.90	0.41	0.96
Sex	Male					0.09	Female					0.09
CCW	0.88	0.59	0.91	0.38	0.96		0.89	0.62	0.92	0.44	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.91	0.53	0.94	0.47	0.95		0.92	0.58	0.95	0.56	0.96
Moura et al.	0.89	0.57	0.92	0.41	0.96		0.91	0.62	0.94	0.50	0.96
Jain et al.	0.91	0.33	0.97	0.49	0.94		0.92	0.46	0.97	0.63	0.95
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.89	0.57	0.92	0.41	0.96		0.91	0.62	0.94	0.50	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.85	0.61	0.88	0.32	0.96		0.87	0.65	0.89	0.38	0.96
Race *	Minoritized race					0.05	White race					0.11
CCW	0.91	0.48	0.93	0.23	0.97		0.88	0.63	0.91	0.46	0.95
Bynum Standard	0.92	0.39	0.96	0.30	0.97		0.91	0.59	0.95	0.59	0.95
Moura et al.	0.91	0.45	0.94	0.25	0.97		0.90	0.63	0.93	0.53	0.95
Jain et al.	0.95	0.35	0.98	0.42	0.97		0.91	0.45	0.97	0.64	0.93
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.91	0.45	0.94	0.25	0.97		0.90	0.63	0.93	0.53	0.95
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.89	0.48	0.91	0.20	0.97		0.85	0.67	0.88	0.40	0.96
Ethnicity	Hispanic ethnicity					0.09	Non‐Hispanic ethnicity					0.09
CCW	0.89	0.53	0.93	0.44	0.95		0.89	0.62	0.91	0.42	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.91	0.38	0.96	0.50	0.94		0.92	0.58	0.95	0.54	0.96
Moura et al.	0.90	0.47	0.94	0.44	0.95		0.90	0.61	0.93	0.48	0.96
Jain et al.	0.92	0.34	0.98	0.65	0.94		0.92	0.44	0.97	0.60	0.94
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.89	0.47	0.94	0.43	0.94		0.90	0.62	0.93	0.48	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.88	0.56	0.92	0.41	0.95		0.86	0.65	0.88	0.36	0.96
Hypertension	History of hypertension					0.10	No history of hypertension					0.08
CCW	0.89	0.59	0.92	0.44	0.95		0.89	0.69	0.91	0.40	0.97
Bynum Standard	0.92	0.55	0.96	0.59	0.95		0.91	0.62	0.94	0.46	0.97
Moura et al.	0.90	0.58	0.94	0.51	0.95		0.90	0.67	0.92	0.42	0.97
Jain et al.	0.92	0.41	0.97	0.63	0.94		0.93	0.52	0.97	0.57	0.96
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.90	0.58	0.94	0.51	0.95		0.90	0.67	0.92	0.43	0.97
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.86	0.61	0.89	0.38	0.95		0.87	0.73	0.88	0.34	0.97
Cancer	History of cancer					0.10	No history of cancer					0.09
CCW	0.89	0.60	0.92	0.44	0.96		0.89	0.62	0.91	0.41	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.92	0.57	0.96	0.59	0.95		0.91	0.57	0.95	0.51	0.96
Moura et al.	0.91	0.60	0.94	0.52	0.96		0.90	0.61	0.93	0.45	0.96
Jain et al.	0.92	0.41	0.98	0.64	0.94		0.92	0.46	0.97	0.59	0.95
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.91	0.60	0.94	0.52	0.96		0.90	0.61	0.93	0.45	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.86	0.64	0.88	0.36	0.96		0.87	0.65	0.89	0.37	0.96
Diabetes	History of diabetes					0.07	No history of diabetes					0.10
CCW	0.89	0.60	0.91	0.33	0.97		0.89	0.61	0.92	0.44	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.93	0.60	0.95	0.48	0.97		0.91	0.56	0.95	0.55	0.95
Moura et al.	0.91	0.60	0.93	0.39	0.97		0.90	0.60	0.93	0.49	0.96
Jain et al.	0.94	0.46	0.97	0.53	0.96		0.92	0.43	0.97	0.62	0.94
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.91	0.60	0.93	0.39	0.97		0.90	0.60	0.93	0.49	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.87	0.62	0.89	0.28	0.97		0.86	0.65	0.88	0.38	0.96
Head injury with loss of consciousness	History of head injury with loss of consciousness					0.15	No history of head injury with loss of consciousness					0.09
CCW	0.86	0.56	0.91	0.53	0.92		0.89	0.63	0.91	0.43	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.89	0.54	0.95	0.66	0.92		0.91	0.58	0.95	0.54	0.96
Moura et al.	0.87	0.55	0.93	0.57	0.92		0.90	0.62	0.93	0.49	0.96
Jain et al.	0.88	0.43	0.97	0.69	0.90		0.92	0.44	0.97	0.61	0.94
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.87	0.55	0.93	0.57	0.92		0.90	0.62	0.93	0.49	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.84	0.61	0.88	0.48	0.93		0.86	0.66	0.89	0.37	0.96
Stroke	History of stroke					0.21	No history of stroke					0.08
CCW	0.78	0.58	0.83	0.48	0.88		0.90	0.62	0.92	0.41	0.97
Bynum Standard	0.83	0.52	0.91	0.62	0.88		0.93	0.58	0.95	0.53	0.96
Moura et al.	0.80	0.55	0.86	0.52	0.88		0.91	0.62	0.94	0.47	0.97
Jain et al.	0.81	0.38	0.93	0.58	0.85		0.93	0.45	0.98	0.61	0.95
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.80	0.56	0.86	0.52	0.88		0.91	0.62	0.94	0.47	0.97
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.75	0.60	0.79	0.43	0.88		0.88	0.66	0.89	0.35	0.97
Depressive symptoms (CES‐D‐10 score)	CES‐D‐10 score of 0					0.06	CES‐D‐10 score above 0					0.07
CCW	0.91	0.49	0.93	0.33	0.97		0.87	0.57	0.90	0.30	0.96
Bynum Standard	0.93	0.47	0.96	0.44	0.96		0.91	0.49	0.94	0.41	0.96
Moura et al.	0.92	0.48	0.95	0.37	0.96		0.89	0.54	0.92	0.35	0.96
Jain et al.	0.94	0.34	0.98	0.49	0.96		0.92	0.36	0.97	0.47	0.95
NORC Highly Likely and Likely	0.92	0.49	0.94	0.37	0.97		0.89	0.54	0.92	0.35	0.96
NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably	0.88	0.54	0.91	0.28	0.97		0.84	0.59	0.86	0.25	0.96

^*Minoritized race includes all participants who did not self‐report White race. Race was binarized due to small numbers of participants in non‐White racial groups.

TABLE 4.

Adjusted odds ratios of covariates associated with accuracy of ICD‐10 dementia code definitions.

	CCW		Bynum Standard		Moura et al. (2021)		Jain et al. (2020)		NORC Highly Likely and Likely		NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably
Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p
Age at visit	0.92 (0.90, 0.93)	<0.01	0.92 (0.90, 0.94)	<0.01	0.92 (0.90, 0.94)	<0.01	0.92 (0.89, 0.94)	<0.01	0.92 (0.90, 0.94)	<0.01	0.92 (0.91, 0.94)	<0.01
Male sex	0.99 (0.72, 1.37)	0.96	0.97 (0.68, 1.39)	0.87	0.99 (0.70, 1.39)	0.93	0.95 (0.66, 1.39)	0.80	0.98 (0.70, 1.38)	0.91	0.99 (0.73, 1.33)	0.94
≥16 years education	1.03 (0.78, 1.36)	0.83	0.88 (0.63, 1.22)	0.45	0.96 (0.71, 1.29)	0.78	0.57 (0.40, 0.81)	<0.01	0.96 (0.71, 1.30)	0.80	1.13 (0.88, 1.46)	0.35
Minority race	0.68 (0.48, 0.96)	0.03	0.58 (0.40, 0.86)	<0.01	0.59 (0.41, 0.85)	<0.01	0.61 (0.40, 0.93)	0.02	0.59 (0.41, 0.84)	<0.01	0.74 (0.54, 1.01)	0.06
Hispanic ethnicity	0.81 (0.43, 1.52)	0.50	0.73 (0.38, 1.41)	0.35	0.69 (0.37, 1.31)	0.26	0.60 (0.30, 1.21)	0.15	0.69 (0.36, 1.30)	0.25	1.04 (0.59, 1.82)	0.90
History of hypertension	1.31 (0.98, 1.75)	0.07	1.66 (1.21, 2.28)	<0.01	1.55 (1.15, 2.09)	<0.01	1.27 (0.91, 1.79)	0.16	1.54 (1.14, 2.08)	<0.01	1.26 (0.96, 1.66)	0.10
History of cancer	1.30 (1.00, 1.69)	0.05	1.46 (1.07, 1.99)	0.02	1.40 (1.05, 1.86)	0.02	1.38 (0.99, 1.91)	0.06	1.39 (1.04, 1.85)	0.03	1.11 (0.87, 1.42)	0.41
History of diabetes	0.84 (0.58, 1.23)	0.37	0.99 (0.64, 1.54)	0.96	0.91 (0.60, 1.36)	0.63	0.92 (0.57, 1.47)	0.71	0.90 (0.60, 1.36)	0.63	0.85 (0.61, 1.19)	0.33
History of head injury	0.85 (0.59, 1.25)	0.41	0.85 (0.57, 1.28)	0.44	0.81 (0.55, 1.19)	0.28	0.83 (0.53, 1.31)	0.42	0.81 (0.55, 1.18)	0.27	0.96 (0.67, 1.38)	0.83
History of stroke	0.50 (0.35, 0.70)	<0.01	0.60 (0.40, 0.90)	<0.01	0.47 (0.33, 0.68)	<0.01	0.47 (0.32, 0.71)	<0.01	0.48 (0.33, 0.69)	<0.01	0.52 (0.37, 0.73)	<0.01
Depressive symptoms (CES‐D‐10 score) *	0.91 (0.85, 0.98)	<0.01	0.92 (0.85, 0.99)	0.03	0.93 (0.86, 1.00)	0.05	0.93 (0.85, 1.01)	0.09	0.93 (0.86, 1.00)	0.05	0.90 (0.85, 0.96)	<0.01
Cognitive performance (MMSE score) *	1.12 (1.09, 1.15)	<0.01	1.16 (1.13, 1.20)	<0.01	1.11 (1.11, 1.17)	<0.01	1.26 (1.21, 1.31)	<0.01	1.14 (1.11, 1.17)	<0.01	1.09 (1.07, 1.12)	<0.01

^*Odds ratios correspond to the change per 1‐unit increase in CES‐D‐10 or MMSE score. Higher scores indicate increased depressive symptoms and cognitive performance, respectively.

TABLE 5.

Adjusted odds ratios of covariates associated with false positivity of ICD‐10 dementia code definitions.

	CCW		Bynum Standard		Moura et al. (2021)		Jain et al. (2020)		NORC Highly Likely and Likely		NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably
Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p
Age at visit	1.08 (1.05, 1.10)	<0.01	1.06 (1.04, 1.09)	<0.01	1.07 (1.04, 1.09)	<0.01	1.07 (1.04, 1.11)	<0.01	1.07 (1.04, 1.09)	<0.01	1.08 (1.06, 1.10)	<0.01
Male sex	1.13 (0.77, 1.66)	0.54	1.14 (0.71, 1.85)	0.58	1.15 (0.75, 1.75)	0.52	1.14 (0.64, 2.01)	0.66	1.15 (0.75, 1.75)	0.52	1.10 (0.79, 1.54)	0.58
≥16 years education	0.69 (0.50, 0.95)	0.02	0.72 (0.48, 1.10)	0.12	0.72 (0.50, 1.02)	0.07	1.01 (0.62, 1.65)	0.95	0.72 (0.50, 1.02)	0.07	0.69 (0.52, 0.91)	<0.01
Minority race	1.25 (0.84, 1.86)	0.27	1.41 (0.87, 2.29)	0.17	1.47 (0.97, 2.23)	0.07	1.43 (0.80, 2.58)	0.23	1.47 (0.97, 2.23)	0.07	1.19 (0.84, 1.69)	0.33
Hispanic ethnicity	0.87 (0.41, 1.85)	0.72	0.57 (0.19, 1.67)	0.30	0.91 (0.41, 2.04)	0.82	0.63 (0.18, 2.24)	0.48	0.91 (0.41, 2.04)	0.82	0.71 (0.34, 1.48)	0.36
History of hypertension	0.70 (0.50, 0.99)	0.04	0.50 (0.33, 0.75)	<0.01	0.56 (0.39, 0.81)	<0.01	0.57 (0.34, 0.96)	0.03	0.56 (0.39, 0.81)	<0.01	0.73 (0.53, 0.99)	0.04
History of cancer	0.77 (0.56, 1.05)	0.10	0.66 (0.44, 1.01)	0.06	0.70 (0.48, 1.00)	0.05	0.62 (0.37, 1.03)	0.06	0.70 (0.48, 1.00)	0.05	0.93 (0.70, 1.23)	0.60
History of diabetes	1.22 (0.80, 1.89)	0.36	1.12 (0.63, 1.96)	0.71	1.17 (0.72, 1.90)	0.51	1.37 (0.71, 2.64)	0.34	1.17 (0.72, 1.90)	0.51	1.21 (0.83, 1.75)	0.32
History of head injury	0.94 (0.57, 1.55)	0.80	0.91 (0.50, 1.68)	0.77	0.98 (0.58, 1.66)	0.94	0.99 (0.46, 2.16)	0.98	0.98 (0.58, 1.66)	0.94	0.90 (0.57, 1.43)	0.66
History of stroke	1.87 (1.21, 2.88)	<0.01	1.37 (0.74, 2.53)	0.32	1.89 (1.17, 3.05)	<0.01	2.18 (1.17, 4.04)	0.01	1.89 (1.17, 3.05)	<0.01	1.76 (1.18, 2.61)	<0.01
Depressive symptoms (CES‐D‐10 score) *	1.17 (1.09, 1.25)	<0.01	1.17 (1.07, 1.28)	<0.01	1.14 (1.05, 1.24)	<0.01	1.19 (1.07, 1.33)	<0.01	1.14 (1.05, 1.24)	<0.01	1.15 (1.08, 1.23)	<0.01
Cognitive performance (MMSE score) *	1.00 (0.98, 1.03)	0.76	0.98 (0.96, 1.01)	0.30	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.39	0.98 (0.94, 1.01)	0.20	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.39	1.02 (0.99, 1.05)	0.13

^*Odds ratios correspond to the change per 1‐unit increase in CES‐D‐10 or MMSE score. Higher scores indicate increased depressive symptoms and cognitive performance, respectively.

TABLE 6.

Adjusted odds ratios of covariates associated with false negativity of ICD‐10 dementia code definitions.

	CCW		Bynum Standard		Moura et al. (2021)		Jain et al. (2020)		NORC Highly Likely and Likely		NORC Highly Likely, Likely, and Probably
Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p
Age at visit	1.12 (1.08, 1.16)	<0.01	1.13 (1.09, 1.17)	<0.01	1.12 (1.08, 1.16)	<0.01	1.11 (1.07, 1.14)	<0.01	1.12 (1.08, 1.16)	<0.01	1.11 (1.07, 1.15)	<0.01
Male sex	0.90 (0.55, 1.49)	0.68	1.00 (0.61, 1.65)	0.995	0.91 (0.54, 1.53)	0.73	1.07 (0.67, 1.71)	0.78	0.93 (0.55, 1.55)	0.77	0.92 (0.55, 1.55)	0.77
≥16 years education	2.01 (1.25, 3.25)	<0.01	1.94 (1.21, 3.10)	<0.01	1.94 (1.20, 3.13)	<0.01	2.32 (1.45, 3.69)	<0.01	1.92 (1.20, 3.09)	<0.01	1.85 (1.13, 3.03)	0.01
Minority race	2.34 (1.22, 4.49)	0.01	2.30 (1.23, 4.31)	<0.01	2.24 (1.17, 4.27)	0.01	1.86 (1.01, 3.42)	0.05	2.25 (1.18, 4.30)	0.01	2.43 (1.25, 4.72)	<0.01
Hispanic ethnicity	2.63 (1.03, 6.76)	0.04	3.51 (1.56, 7.92)	<0.01	3.05 (1.30, 7.18)	0.01	3.05 (1.35, 6.92)	<0.01	3.06 (1.30, 7.18)	0.01	2.39 (1.18, 4.81)	0.02
History of hypertension	0.89 (0.57, 1.39)	0.60	0.80 (0.52, 1.22)	0.29	0.86 (0.55, 1.32)	0.48	0.98 (0.64, 1.49)	0.92	0.88 (0.56, 1.36)	0.55	1.02 (0.63, 1.63)	0.94
History of cancer	0.78 (0.51, 1.21)	0.27	0.71 (0.46, 1.10)	0.13	0.77 (0.50, 1.18)	0.23	0.83 (0.55, 1.26)	0.38	0.78 (0.50, 1.20)	0.26	0.76 (0.49, 1.20)	0.24
History of diabetes	1.03 (0.53, 1.97)	0.94	0.88 (0.45, 1.71)	0.70	0.95 (0.49, 1.83)	0.87	0.88 (0.48, 1.63)	0.69	0.96 (0.50, 1.84)	0.89	1.04 (0.54, 1.99)	0.92
History of head injury	1.64 (0.98, 2.76)	0.06	1.45 (0.87, 2.43)	0.16	1.60 (0.96, 2.68)	0.07	1.30 (0.78, 2.15)	0.32	1.62 (0.97, 2.70)	0.07	1.48 (0.88, 2.48)	0.14
History of stroke	2.18 (1.30, 3.65)	<0.01	2.16 (1.31, 3.56)	<0.01	2.34 (1.42, 3.88)	<0.01	1.94 (1.18, 3.17)	<0.01	2.26 (1.37, 3.72)	<0.01	2.30 (1.39, 3.80)	<0.01
Depressive symptoms (CES‐D‐10 score) *	0.90 (0.79, 1.03)	0.12	0.96 (0.85, 1.08)	0.50	0.93 (0.82, 1.07)	0.31	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	0.58	0.94 (0.82, 1.07)	0.33	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)	0.21
Cognitive performance (MMSE score) *	0.82 (0.79, 0.84)	<0.01	0.81 (0.78, 0.84)	<0.01	0.81 (0.79, 0.84)	<0.01	0.76 (0.73, 0.79)	<0.01	0.81 (0.79, 0.84)	<0.01	0.82 (0.79, 0.84)	<0.01

^*Odds ratios correspond to the change per 1‐unit increase in CES‐D‐10 or MMSE score. Higher scores indicate increased depressive symptoms and cognitive performance, respectively

In the initial publication of this article, there is an erroneous statement in the Results section of the abstract, which reads: “Accuracy of ICD‐10 code definitions was high (87%–90%); 5 of 6 code definitions favored specificity over sensitivity.” The corrected sentence should read: “Accuracy of ICD‐10 code definitions was high (86%–92%); all code definitions favored specificity over sensitivity.”

In the initial publication of this article, there is an erroneous statement at the end of Section 2.5, which reads: “All available Medicare FFS claims data from the 12‐month period (± 6 months) surrounding a study visit were used to determine participants’ dementia status … we used a standard 1‐year lookback period for all code definitions in analyses so that we could make direct comparisons.” The corrected sentence should read: “All available Medicare FFS claims data from the 36‐month period prior to the study visit were used to determine participants’ dementia … we used a standard 3‐year lookback period for all code definitions in analyses so that we could make direct comparisons.”

Similarly, there is an erroneous sentence included in the footnote of Table 1, which reads: “Our analysis used a reference period of 1 year surrounding the index date.” The corrected footnote should read: “Our analysis used a reference period of 3 years prior to the index date.”

Section 3.2 requires updates reflecting updated numbers reported in Table 3 and should be replaced with the following:

“Table 3 shows performance metrics for each ICD‐10 dementia code definition, overall and by subgroups. All 6 code definitions show similar overall accuracy (range: 86%–92%) and NPV (range: 94%–96%) compared to the RADC research standard. All six code definitions have high specificity at the expense of lower sensitivity. When performance metrics are evaluated in subgroups, results are similar. All code definitions show similar accuracy within subgroups, all code definitions favored specificity over sensitivity, and the performance metrics for the Moura et al. (2021) and NORC Highly Likely and Likely (2024) code definitions were extremely close or identical.”

“However, although performance was similar across algorithms by subgroup, performance varied substantially across subgroups regardless of algorithm. For example, accuracy ranged from 75% to 98% and NPV ranged from 85% to 99%. The younger age subgroup (under 80 years old) had the highest accuracy (range: 95%–98%) and highest NPV (range: 99%–99%) compared to any other subgroup, but this group also had the lowest PPV (range: 15%–31%). The subgroup with history of stroke had the lowest accuracy (range: 75%–83%) and lowest NPV (range: 85%–88%).”

The following from Section 3.3 should be omitted, reflecting updates to Table 5: “while the association between minority race and false positive classification was substantially elevated, but only significant or marginally significant for half of the observed code definitions.”

Finally, the following sentences of the Discussion, should be omitted: “All ICD‐10 code definitions considered had similar accuracy (87%–90%) and NPV (96%–98%) against RADC dementia classification. Most favored specificity over sensitivity except the Bynum Standard, which had higher sensitivity at the expense of slightly lower specificity. To meet criteria for dementia using the Bynum Standard, a participant must have at least 1 claim with a qualifying ICD‐10 code from MedPAR (i.e., inpatient or Skilled Nursing Facility), Home Health, or Hospice files, or at least 2 claims with qualifying ICD‐10 codes in carrier or outpatient files (at least 7 days apart). These criteria may allow for the higher sensitivity of the Bynum Standard ICD‐10 code definition.” and replaced with the following: “All ICD‐10 code definitions considered had similar accuracy (86%–92%) and NPV (94%–96%) against RADC dementia classification. All favored specificity over sensitivity.”

We apologize for this error.