Abstract
Individualized assessments of the effects of three doses of methylphenidate (MPH) were conducted for 2 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder within each child's classroom using behavioral, academic, and social measures. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multielement design was used to evaluate the results. Results suggested that at least one or more dosages of MPH were associated with some degree of improvement for both children in each area of functioning as compared to placebo. However, the degree of improvement at times varied substantially across dosage and area of functioning. Results suggest that MPH dosage and area of child functioning are critical assessment parameters and that controlled clinical trials are necessary to optimize the effectiveness of treatment with MPH for the individual child.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (164.1 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Deno S. L., Mirkin P. K., Chiang B. Identifying valid measures of reading. Except Child. 1982 Sep;49(1):36–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoza B., Pelham W. E., Jr, Sams S. E., Carlson C. An examination of the "dosage" effects of both behavior therapy and methylphenidate on the classroom performance of two ADHD children. Behav Modif. 1992 Apr;16(2):164–192. doi: 10.1177/01454455920162002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pelham W. E., Bender M. E., Caddell J., Booth S., Moorer S. H. Methylphenidate and children with attention deficit disorder. Dose effects on classroom academic and social behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985 Oct;42(10):948–952. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330028003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pelham W. E., Jr, Carlson C., Sams S. E., Vallano G., Dixon M. J., Hoza B. Separate and combined effects of methylphenidate and behavior modification on boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in the classroom. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Jun;61(3):506–515. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.61.3.506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rapport M. D., DuPaul G. J., Kelly K. L. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate: the relationship between gross body weight and drug response in children. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1989;25(2):285–290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rapport M. D., Murphy H. A., Bailey J. S. Ritalin vs. response cost in the control of hyperactive children: a within-subject comparison. J Appl Behav Anal. 1982 Summer;15(2):205–216. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1982.15-205. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sprague R. L., Sleator E. K. Methylphenidate in hyperkinetic children: differences in dose effects on learning and social behavior. Science. 1977 Dec 23;198(4323):1274–1276. doi: 10.1126/science.337493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stoner G., Carey S. P., Ikeda M. J., Shinn M. R. The utility of curriculum-based measurement for evaluating the effects of methylphenidate on academic performance. J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Spring;27(1):101–113. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whalen C. K., Henker B., Collins B. E., Finck D., Dotemoto S. A social ecology of hyperactive boys: medication effects in structured classroom environments. J Appl Behav Anal. 1979 Spring;12(1):65–81. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1979.12-65. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whalen C. K., Henker B., Swanson J. M., Granger D., Kliewer W., Spencer J. Natural social behaviors in hyperactive children: dose effects of methylphenidate. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1987 Apr;55(2):187–193. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.55.2.187. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wolf M. M. Social validity: the case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart. J Appl Behav Anal. 1978 Summer;11(2):203–214. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]