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. 2026 Jan 20;16:1758996. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1758996

Correction: Cannabis-based extract for managing pain in dogs with osteoarthritis: efficacy and safety assessment

Neide Maria Griebeler 1,, Ricardo Penayo Cremonese 1,, Yasmin Rafaela Fakih Correa 1, Priscila Romero Mazzini Pereira 1, Amanda Furjan Rial 2, Emanuela Leite 1, Maria Victoria Luz Gonçalves 1, Luiz Renato Marques das Almas 3, Nedice Borges Cardoso 4, Fernando Cezar-dos-Santos 1, Aline Theodoro Toci 4, Andrés Mojoli Le-Quesne 1, Francisney Pinto Nascimento 1,*
PMCID: PMC12865989  PMID: 41640678

The figure captions were in the wrong order in the PDF/HTML version of this paper. Figure 1 had the caption of Figure 2; Figure 2 had the caption of Figure 1; Figure 3 had the caption of Figure 6; Figure 4 had the caption of Figure 3. The order has now been corrected.

FIGURE 1.

Pie chart showing cannabinoid composition of an extract with corresponding daily doses in milligrams per kilogram. Cannabidiol is 64.32% (7.80 mg/kg), Cannabichromene 2.99% (0.36 mg/kg), Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol 2.45% (0.30 mg/kg), Cannabigerolic Acid 2.37% (0.28 mg/kg), Cannabigerol 1.49% (0.18 mg/kg), Cannabidivarin 1.26% (0.16 mg/kg), Cannabidiolic Acid 0.64% (0.076 mg/kg), and Others 24.50% (3.00 mg/kg).

Cannabinoids present in the extract provided by the Santa Cannabis Association.

FIGURE 2.

Flowchart showing a randomized controlled trial. Thirty-three assessed for eligibility, seventeen randomized: eight to placebo (MCT), nine to cannabis oil. Sixteen excluded: nine for criteria, four deaths, three others. Follow-up and analysis conducted, with reasons for withdrawal noted: one withdrew from each group, and the cannabis group had one missed appointment. Final analysis included seven participants from each group.

Flowchart of patient triage. This image summarizes the animal selection and study methodology over 90 days, representing the excluded animals and treatment groups.

FIGURE 3.

Four line graphs compare the effects of cannabis oil and placebo over time. Graph A shows Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) scores decreasing for both groups. Graph B indicates a decrease in CBPI Severity; cannabis oil shows variation at T90. Graph C shows CBPI Interference scores slightly decreasing for both groups. Graph D depicts CBPI Quality of Life with an initial increase, then a decrease; cannabis oil shows fluctuations. Cannabis oil is represented in green, placebo in black.

Graphical representation of HCPI and CBPI outcomes.

FIGURE 6.

Eight line graphs labeled A to H compare the effects of cannabis oil and placebo over time on various measures: bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and glucose. Each graph shows values at days zero, thirty, and ninety post-treatment. Cannabis oil data is in green, placebo in black. Error bars indicate variability.

Biochemical marker levels during the 90-day treatment period. Part II.*p < 0.05 for significant differences between cannabis oil and placebo groups. (A) P < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 0 and 30 with in the placebo group. (B) P < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 0 and 30 with in the cannabis oil group. (C) P < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 0 and 90 with in the cannabis oil group. (D) P < 0.05 for Q27 significant differences between time points 30 and 90 with in the cannabis oilgroup. (E) P < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 30 and 90 with in the placebo group.

FIGURE 4.

Five line graphs show the effects of cannabis oil versus placebo on joint mobility, lameness, pain on palpation, weight-bearing, and overall clinical condition over time. Graph A depicts joint mobility scores; cannabis oil shows slight improvement over 90 days. Graph B shows lameness scores, with cannabis oil reducing lameness. Graph C illustrates pain on palpation scores, showing decrease with cannabis oil. Graph D displays weight-bearing scores, with cannabis oil improving outcomes. Graph E indicates overall clinical condition scores, where cannabis oil shows notable improvement. Each graph includes a legend for cannabis oil and placebo.

Graphical summary of veterinary clinical assessment outcomes.

Furthermore, there was a mistake in the caption of Figure 5 as published. Figure 5 had the caption of Figure 6. The corrected caption of Figure 5 appears below.

FIGURE 5.

Graphs illustrate effects of cannabis oil versus placebo on various liver and blood parameters over time. Each chart shows data at T0, T30, and T90 days post-treatment. A: Alkaline phosphatase increases significantly with cannabis oil. B: Alanine aminotransferase remains stable. C: Aspartate aminotransferase shows minor fluctuations. D: Gamma-glutamyl transferase increases with cannabis oil. E: Total protein is unchanged. F: Albumin slightly decreases with cannabis oil. G: Globulin shows a minor increase. H: Ratio A/G decreases slightly with cannabis oil. Error bars indicate variability.

Biochemical marker levels during the 90-day treatment period. Part I. *p < 0.05 for significant differences between cannabis oil and placebo groups. (A) p < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 0 and 30 within the placebo group. (B) P < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 0 and 30 within the cannabis oil group. (C) p < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 0 and 90 within the cannabis oil group. (D) p < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 30 and 90 within the cannabis oil group. (E) p < 0.05 for significant differences between time points 30 and 90 within the placebo group.

There was also a mistake in the caption of Figure 6 as published. Figure 6 had the caption of Figure 3. The corrected caption of Figure 6 appears below.

The original article has been updated.

Footnotes

Edited and reviewed by: Javier Echeverria, University of Santiago, Chile

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