Skip to main content
Journal of Southern Medical University logoLink to Journal of Southern Medical University
. 2026 Feb 20;46(2):423–433. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2026.02.20

马鞭草苷通过抑制PI3K-AKT通路减轻肠上皮炎症改善小鼠克罗恩病样结肠炎

Verbenalin ameliorates intestinal inflammation and colitis in a mouse model of Crohn's disease by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway

HUANG Linlin 1,2, ZHENG Wang 1, HU Jianguo 2,4, SONG Xue 3,4, TAO Lu 3,4, GENG Zhijun 3,4, LI Jing 2,4, ZUO Lugen 1,4, GE Sitang 1,4,
PMCID: PMC12867607  PMID: 41633699

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic effect of verbenalin (VE) on Crohn's disease (CD)‑like colitis and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods

Fifty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, TNBS group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose VE treatment groups (n=10). Mouse models of CD-like colitis were established in all but the control group by enema with 25 mg/L TNBS dissolved in ethanol, and the mice in VE treatment groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of VE at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg for 7 days. Cultured colon organoids derived from mouse crypts were exposed to 100 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h and treated with 5, 10, or 20 μmol/L VE. The therapeutic effects of VE in the mouse models were evaluated by assessing changes in disease activity index (DAI), histopathological scores, and spleen index. In both colonic mucosa of the mouse models and the colon organoids, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, expressions of tight junction proteins, and changes in PI3K-AKT pathway proteins were analyzed, and the regulatory mechanism of VE was verified using the PI3K-AKT agonist 740 Y-P.

Results

In TNBS-treated mice, VE treatment significantly reduced DAI, histopathological scores, and spleen index, and mitigated weight loss, colon shortening and bacterial translocation. VE obviously lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic mucosa of the mice and the colon organoids, upregulated ZO-1 and claudin-1 expressions, and reduced bacterial translocation. VE significantly downregulated p-PI3K and p-AKT protein expressions, which was reversed by treatment with 740 Y-P.

Conclusion

VE inhibits intestinal inflammation and protects intestinal barrier function in mice with CD-like colitis by modulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

Keywords: Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal barrier, PI3K-AKT, verbenalin


克罗恩病(CD)是一种慢性炎症性肠道疾病,发病率逐年上升,其临床表现多为腹痛、腹泻及肠梗阻等,严重影响患者生活质量1-3。CD病因尚未完全阐明,其核心病理机制为肠屏障系统的多维度损伤,包括:机械屏障(紧密连接蛋白ZO-1/occludin表达异常)、化学屏障(黏液层变薄及抗菌肽分泌减少)、免疫屏障(IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α等促炎因子介导的Treg功能抑制)及生物屏障(肠道菌群失调及细菌移位)的协同破坏45。既往研究显示,CD的病理进程始于肠道免疫失衡,促使IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α的释放增加,破坏肠道紧密连接蛋白的定位和结构,导致肠道通透性增加,细菌和肠道微生物等异种抗原侵入固有层,进而加剧炎症反应67。目前临床治疗药物(如美沙拉嗪、糖皮质激素等)虽有一定疗效,但存在副作用显著、疗效有限等问题,亟需开发更安全有效的治疗策略8-10。马鞭草苷(VE)是提取自马鞭草的天然苯乙醇苷类化合物,其结构中的邻苯二酚基团及多羟基赋予其显著的抗氧化与抗炎活性。马鞭草在临床上应用价值明确,如苍苓止泻口服液11(显著提高儿童腹泻总有效率及轮状病毒转阴率,缩短病程)、桃红马鞭汤12(治疗子宫内膜异位症,活血化瘀、消症散积、和营止痛)及马鞭草合剂13(治疗血尿症疗效确切,且观察期间未见药物相关不良反应)。VE的药理机制研究显示,其可通过调节中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润,从而改善急性肺损伤14;激活PI3K-AKT-eNOS-VEGF信号通路诱导血管生成15;也可通过调节铁死亡改善酒精性脂肪性肝炎16。但其在CD中的作用机制尚未阐明。本研究通过建立2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型及LPS刺激的结肠类器官损伤模型,系统评估VE对结肠炎症、肠屏障功能及PI3K-AKT信号通路的影响,为CD治疗提供新理论依据。

1. 材料和方法

1.1. 实验动物

选取90只6-8周龄健康雌性C57BL/6小鼠(江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司),饲养于SPF级环境,自由摄食饮水。实验经蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院动物伦理委员会批准(伦理批号:伦科批字[2025]第085号)。

1.2. 主要试剂

VE(陶术生物);740 Y-P(MCE);IntestiCult™ OGM Mouse Basal Medium、IntestiCult™ OGM Mouse Basal Medium Supplement 1及Centle Cell Dissociation Reagent(STEMCELL Technologies);HE染色试剂盒(索莱宝);ELISA试剂盒(博士德);PrimeScript™ RT(含gDNA Eraser)与TB Green™ Premix Ex Taq™ II试剂盒(Takara);TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、GAPDH引物(上海生工生物工程股份有限公司); Anti-ZO-1(1∶200,Invitrogen);Anti-p-PI3K(1∶2000)、Anti-PI3K(1∶2000)、Anti-p-AKT(1∶2000)、Anti-AKT(1∶2000)、Anti-Claudin-1 (1∶400)、山羊抗兔/鼠IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 555,1∶1000)(Abcam);Anti-GAPDH(1∶3000)和HRP 标记山羊抗兔/鼠 IgG(1∶3000)(中杉金桥)。

1.3. TNBS造模处理及分组

将50只实验小鼠随机分为5组(10只/组):WT组、TNBS组、VE药物低、中、高治疗组(VE组,5、10、20)mg/kg。在回复实验中,将40只实验小鼠随机分为4组(10只/组):TNBS组,VE组(TNBS造模+10 mg/kg)、TNBS+740 Y-P组、VE+740 Y-P组。基于既往文献报道建立TNBS诱导小鼠结肠炎模型,于造模前所有小鼠禁食24 h(自由饮水),腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠(40 mg/kg)麻醉,以25 mg/L TNBS乙醇溶液灌肠后倒立15 min17。WT组不做任何处理,在造模的第1天同步给药,VE组每天腹腔注射100 μL(5、10、20)mg /kg的VE,TNBS+740 Y-P组、VE+740 Y-P组每天注射的10 mg/kg的740 Y-P,其余每组每日注射等量的生理盐水,连续治疗7 d。于造模第7天待小鼠情况稳定麻醉后处死取检。采集结肠、肝、脾及淋巴结组织,每日监测体质量并记录DAI评分。

1.4. 结肠类器官培养及分组

取C57BL/6小鼠(6~8周龄)结肠组织,无菌条件下分离结肠组织。结肠组织清洗并剪碎后,置于的冷PBS中,吹打混匀后,待自然 沉降后弃上清,重复冲洗数十次。加入GCDR,在4 ℃、70 r/min的摇床上孵育30 min,使用70 μm细胞筛过滤,收集隐窝悬液,离心(300×g,4 ℃,5 min)弃上清。将隐窝重悬于基质胶, 100 μL/孔铺于24孔板,37 ℃聚合30 min。按照750 μL/孔加入完全培养基1819。37 ℃、5% CO2条件下培养,2~3 d/次更换培养基。对照组:不做任何处理;第10天开始,LPS组:100 μg/mL LPS处理24 h;LPS+VE组:LPS处理同时加入VE(5、10、20 μmol/L)。使用显微镜观察其形态结构、大小。每组设6个复孔,实验独立重复3次。

1.5. 小鼠结肠炎症状评分

小鼠将造模前和取检前称量体质量,根据疾病活动指数(DAI) 评分标准评估肠炎症状。DAI评分标准如下20:毛发竖立(1分)、粪便便血(1分)、直肠脱垂(1分)、软便(1分)、腹泻(+1分)、严重直肠脱垂(+1分)。

1.6. HE染色

小鼠结肠组织经福尔马林固定后,依次经卷曲、脱水、透明、石蜡包埋等程序制备3 μm厚度切片,随后进行烤片、脱蜡及梯度水化处理。参照HE染色试剂盒操作规范完成苏木精-伊红染色,中性树脂封固后,于光学显微镜下进行组织病理学观察及炎症程度评估。炎症评分标准如下21:0分表示结肠无炎症;1分表示结肠固有层轻度浸润;2分表示结肠内单核细胞浸润导致隐窝分离,黏膜轻度增生;3分表示结肠有大量炎性细胞浸润导致黏膜结构紊乱,杯状细胞丢失,黏膜明显增生;4分表示结肠隐窝脓肿,溃疡。

1.7. 脾指数

将小鼠处死后无菌摘取小鼠脾脏,置于PBS中清洗,用吸水纸吸干水分,于电子天平称量脾脏湿质量,计算脾指数:脾湿质量(mg)×10/小鼠体质量(g)22

1.8. 细菌移位

无菌条件下采集小鼠肝脏、脾脏及肠系膜淋巴结组织,称重后置于预冷的无菌PBS中,按1∶10(w/v)加入PBS匀浆。取100 μL匀浆液均匀涂布于麦凯康琼脂糖培养基中,37 ℃恒温培养24 h23。通过其菌落形成数,评估细菌移位率。

1.9. ELISA

取结肠组织剪碎后按1∶10(w/v)加入预冷RIPA裂解液(含1%蛋白酶抑制剂),以10 000 r/min间歇匀浆破碎组织,4 ℃、12 000×g离心15 min,取上清分装后-80 ℃保存备用。类器官经预冷PBS清洗后,相同方法裂解离心获取上清。参照博士德ELISA试剂盒说明书操作规范,依次完成抗原包被、梯度洗涤、封闭处理、特异性抗体孵育、底物显色及终止反应等实验流程,测定吸光度A 450 nm,根据标准曲线计算IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α浓度。

1.10. 实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)

使用Trizol裂解液提取小鼠结肠组织及类器官的总RNA。采用PrimeScript™ RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser(Perfect Real Time)进行逆转录反应采用TB Green™ Premix Ex Taq™ II(Tli RNaseH Plus)试剂盒(Takara)进行扩增。PCR扩增程序设定为:预变性阶段95℃持续30s;随后进行40个循环的变性(95℃,5s)及退火-延伸(60℃,34s)。采用2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因相对表达量,以GAPDH为内参基因。引物由生工生物合成(表1)。

表1.

引物序列

Tab.1 Primer sequences for RT-qPCR

Gene Primer sequence (5'to 3')
TNF-α F: CACGCTCTTCTGTCTACTGAACTTC
R: CTTGGTGGTTTGTGAGTGTGAGG
IL-1β F: AATCTCGCAGCAGCACATCAAC
R: AGGTCCACGGGAAAGACACAG
IL-6 F: GAGAGGAGACTTCACAGAGGATACC
R: TCATTTCCACGATTTCCCAGAGAAC
GAPDH

F: AACTCCCACTCTTCCACCTTCG

R: TCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAG

1.11. 免疫荧光检测

将3 μm的结肠类器官及小鼠肠卷石蜡切片,经烤片,脱蜡水化,纯水洗涤,抗原修复,5%BSA封闭1 h,孵育一抗(ZO-1,1∶200、Claudin-1,1∶400)4 ℃过夜。第2天待恢复室温,用PBS清洗3遍,每次5 min,室温孵育二抗(山羊抗兔IgG-Alexa Fluor 555、山羊抗鼠IgG-Alexa Fluor 555,1∶1000)2 h,最后用DAPI复染细胞核10 min,再次使用PBS清洗,使用抗荧光淬灭剂封片,于徕卡荧光显微镜下拍照观察。

1.12. Western blotting

取结肠组织及类器官裂解上清(含蛋白酶/磷酸酶抑制剂),BCA法测定蛋白浓度后,加入5×SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液(含β-巯基乙醇)沸水浴变性10 min,随后进行蛋白上样、SDS-PAGE电泳及湿法转膜(400 mA,30 min)。转膜后,PVDF膜经5%脱脂牛奶(TBST配制)室温封闭1.5 h,与一抗(Anti-ZO-1 、Anti-Claudin-1,1∶1000、Anti-p-PI3K、Anti-PI3K、Anti-p-AKT、Anti-AKT,1∶2000、Anti-GAPDH,1∶3000)4℃孵育过夜,次日经TBST缓冲液3次漂洗(5 min/次)后,室温条件孵育HRP标记二抗(山羊抗兔/鼠IgG,1∶3000)1 h,再次TBST清洗后采用ECL底物化学发光法显影,基于Image J软件进行条带灰度值定量分析(GAPDH作为内参蛋白)。

1.13. 统计学分析

本研究使用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料采用均值±标准差记录,两组数据比较采用独立样本t检验,而多组间差异分析则应用单因素方差分析方法,进行多重比较采用Tukey事后检验法。当P<0.05时认为差异有统计学意义。

2. 结果

2.1. VE干预可改善TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎症状

VE干预TNBS诱导的小鼠体质量下降减少、DAI评分降低、改善了脾指数及结肠长度缩短(P<0.05,图1A~F);小鼠结肠HE染色并进行炎症评分,与TNBS组相比,VE组小鼠结肠炎症评分减少(P<0.05,图1G、H),且10 mg/kg的VE为最佳治疗剂量。

图1.

图1

VE干预对TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎症状的影响

Fig.1 Effects of VE treatment on TNBS-induced colitis symptoms in mice. A: Body weight changes. B: Disease activity index (DAI) scores. C: Spleen index. D: Spleen size. E: Gross morphology of mouse colon. F: Quantitative analysis of colon length. G: Histological inflammation score. H: HE staining of the colon tissue (n=10). *P<0.05.

2.2. VE干预可改善小鼠肠屏障功能和结构

细菌移位检测结果显示,VE组的肠系膜淋巴结、肝、脾细菌移位率低于TNBS组(P<0.05,图2A~D)。免疫荧光检测结果显示,VE干预可增强TNBS诱导的小鼠肠黏膜组织的ZO-1和Claudin-1的荧光强度(P<0.05,图2E);Western blotting检测显示,VE组小鼠结肠ZO-1和Claudin-1蛋白表达量较TNBS组上调(P<0.05,图F、G)。

图2.

图2

VE干预对小鼠肠屏障功能和结构的影响

Fig.2 Effects of VE on intestinal barrier function and structure in mice. A-D: Bacterial culture and translocation rates in the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. E: Immunofluorescence staining of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in colonic mucosa. F-G: Western blotting bands and quantitative analysis of ZO-1 and claudin-1 protein expression (n=10). *P<0.05.

2.3. VE干预可抑制TNBS小鼠黏膜组织中的炎症介质水平

与TNBS组相比,VE组可降低小鼠黏膜组织炎症因子表达(P<0.05,图3A~F)。

图3.

图3

VE干预对TNBS小鼠黏膜组织中的炎症介质水平的影响

Fig.3 Effects of VE on inflammatory mediator levels in colonic mucosa of TNBS-treated mice. A-C: ELISA detection of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein levels. D-F: RT-qPCR analysis of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA expression levels (n=10). *P<0.05.

2.4. VE干预缓解了LPS诱导的结肠类器官肠屏障损伤

免疫荧光检测证实,VE组的紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Claudin-1荧光强度明显高于LPS干预组(P<0.05,图4A)。显微镜观察显示,LPS处理导致结肠类器官区域面积减少,而VE干预可改善其增殖功能(P<0.05,图4B、C)。Western blotting分析显示,VE处理上调了LPS诱导结肠类器官肠黏膜中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1及Claudin-1的表达(P<0.05,图4D~F)。

图4.

图4

VE干预对LPS诱导的结肠类器官肠屏障损伤的影响

Fig.4 Effects of VE on LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury in colonic organoids. A: Immunofluorescence staining of ZO-1 and claudin-1. B: Microscopic images of colonic organoids. C: Quantitative analysis of organoid area. D-F: Western blotting for analysis of ZO-1 and claudin-1 protein expression levels (n=3). *P<0.05.

2.5. VE干预可减少LPS诱导结肠类器官的炎症介质水平

ELISA和RT-qPCR检测证实,LPS刺激上调了结肠类器官中促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的蛋白浓度与mRNA表达量;而VE干预有效抑制了炎症因子的过度表达(P<0.05,图5)。

图5.

图5

VE干预对LPS诱导结肠类器官的炎症介质水平的影响

Fig.5 Effects of VE on inflammatory mediator levels in LPS-induced colonic organoids. A-C: ELISA detection of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein levels. D-F: RT-qPCR analysis of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA expression levels (n=3). *P<0.05.

2.6. VE干预可抑制PI3K-AKT的信号通路活化

在体内实验中,Western blotting检测结果显示,与TNBS组相比,VE组p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达量减少(P<0.05,图6A)。在体外实验中,VE干预LPS诱导的结肠类器官中p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT蛋白表达量减少(P<0.05,图6B)。

图6.

图6

VE干预对PI3K-AKT的信号通路活化的影响

Fig.6 Effects of VE on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway activation. A, B: Western blotting for analysis of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT protein expressions in colon tissues of TNBS-treated mice (n=10). C, D: Western blotting for analysis of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT protein expressions in LPS-induced colonic organoids (n=3). *P<0.05.

2.7. VE通过抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路来改善小鼠克罗恩病样结肠炎

在使用马鞭草苷治疗的同时给予小鼠PI3K-AKT激动剂(740 Y-P),结果显示,VE组(TNBS造模+10 mg/kg)与TNBS+740 Y-P相比,小鼠DAI评分及结肠炎症评分降低(P<0.05,图7A~C);此外,VE干预下调了结肠黏膜组织促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的mRNA与蛋白水平,其表达水平低于TNBS+740 Y-P组(P<0.05,图7D、E)。

图7.

图7

VE通过抑制PI3K-AKT信号通路来影响小鼠克罗恩病样结肠炎

Fig.7 VE ameliorates colitis in mice by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. A: DAI scores following 740 Y-P intervention. B: Histological inflammation scores. C: HE staining of the colon tissue. D-E: mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the colonic mucosa. n=10, *P<0.05.

3. 讨论

本研究系统揭示了VE改善CD样结肠炎的作用机制。研究结果显示:VE干预显著缓解了小鼠结肠炎症状;VE抑制了肠上皮炎症反应,从而增强紧密连接蛋白的表达并修复肠屏障功能;VE通过调控PI3K-AKT信号通路进而抑制肠上皮细胞炎症反应。

TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型因其能够模拟CD的典型病理特征,被广泛用于炎症性肠病的研究2425。本研究基于该模型,通过DAI、脾指数等多维度系统评估了VE的干预效果。DAI评分通过综合评估体质量下降、粪便黏稠度及便血程度,量化反映小鼠肠炎的疾病活动程度2627。实验结果显示,TNBS组小鼠表现出显著的DAI评分升高、结肠长度缩短及体质量下降,与文献报道的模型表型高度一致,而VE干预后,上述指标均呈现显著改善,尤其是DAI评分升高幅度明显减少。此外,脾指数作为评估脾脏免疫活化的重要参数,可间接反映机体炎症反应的强度28。TNBS组小鼠脾指数显著升高,而VE干预有效抑制了脾指数的异常升高。上述结果表明,在VE的干预下可显著缓解TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎。

既往研究报道,肠上皮炎症反应是CD发病的核心驱动因素,其中促炎因子(IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β)的异常分泌可形成正反馈环路,持续放大炎症损伤29。本研究通过构建TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型,TNBS干预后,肠道炎症因子表达水平明显升高,经VE干预后,可有效缓解促炎因子(IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β)的异常释放,从而减轻炎症反应。值得关注的是,肠上皮炎症反应与肠屏障完整性存在密切互作关系,紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Claudin-1的动态平衡对维持肠上皮物理屏障具有决定性作用30。实验表明,相较于TNBS组,VE治疗后紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、Claudin-1)表达的表达显著升高。细菌移位是肠屏障功能受损的重要标志,其直接反映肠道通透性增加及病原体移位的病理过程3132。TNBS模型组小鼠肝脾淋巴结细菌移位率显著增加,而经VE治疗后,其细菌移位率降低。在体外通过建立LPS诱导的结肠类器官模型进一步验证VE对CD样结肠炎的治疗效果,结果表明,VE可显著抑制结肠类器官炎症反应,并增加紧密连接蛋白的表达。上述结果表明,VE通过抑制促炎因子(IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α)的释放,进而上调肠黏膜紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、Claudin-1)的表达并修复肠屏障功能。

最新研究表明,PI3K-AKT通路的过度活化是通过IKKβ介导的IκBα磷酸化,促使NF-κB核转位,进而诱导肠上皮细胞IL-6和TNF-α的转录上调,这一级联反应被确定为肠道炎症的核心调控枢纽3334。本研究发现,TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎及LPS刺激的类器官模型中,PI3K-AKT通路的磷酸化水平显著升高,提示该通路的异常激活可能通过促进炎症因子的释放和破坏肠屏障功能参与CD的病理进程。VE干预后,p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT的比例显著降低,且其疗效可被PI3K-AKT激动剂(740 Y-P)部分逆转。这一结果表明,VE对PI3K-AKT通路的抑制作用可能是其改善结肠炎的重要机制之一。

近年来,天然化合物因其强大的抗炎作用,逐渐成为IBD治疗的研究热点。已有研究报道,黄芩苷、银杏素等可通过调节TLR/IRF/STAT或EGFR/PI3K/AKT通路改善结肠炎3536。相比之下,本研究首次揭示了VE通过抑制PI3K-AKT通路减轻肠道炎症和保护肠屏障功能的作用。相较于传统免疫抑制剂,VE可能通过降低单一靶点依赖性减少副作用风险,具有潜在临床优势。

然而,本研究存在局限性,实验仅基于TNBS诱导的小鼠急性结肠炎模型,而CD的复杂异质性需在多种模型中进一步验证VE的普适性。其次,本研究仅检测了ZO-1和Claudin-1两种紧密连接蛋白,未涉及其他关键蛋白,可能遗漏了VE对肠屏障功能的全面调控信息。VE的具体作用靶点及其与其他通路的交互作用尚未明确。最后,本研究聚焦马鞭草苷通过靶向PI3K-AKT通路缓解小鼠克罗恩病结肠炎的机制。限于实验设计,本研究未设立美沙拉嗪等临床药物作为直接阳性对照。基于对既往同模型文献数据的系统分析:马鞭草苷在改善体质量变化及DAI评分上的疗效与美沙拉嗪相当;而在减轻结肠缩短程度、改善组织病理学评分及促进肠屏障功能恢复方面,则展现出优于美沙拉嗪的效果3738

综上所述,VE能够通过保护肠屏障功能、抑制肠道炎症反应及调控PI3K-AKT信号通路,从而显著改善CD样结肠炎。

基金资助

安徽省临床医学研究转化项目(202427b10020017);安徽高校自然科学研究项目(2024AH051222)

参考文献

  • 1. Wong SY, Estevinho MM, Heaney T, et al. Goblet cell loss linked to NOD2 and secondary resection in Crohn's disease is induced by dysbiosis and epithelial MyD88[J]. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2025: 101533. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101533 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2. Palmela C, Chevarin C, Xu ZL, et al. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Gut, 2018, 67(3): 574-87. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314903 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3. Liang WJ, Zhang W, Tian JY, et al. Advances in carbohydrate-based nanoparticles for targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases: a review[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 281(Pt 4): 136392. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136392 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4. Pinelli M, Makdissi S, Scur M, et al. Peroxisomal cholesterol metabolism regulates Yap-signaling, which maintains intestinal epithelial barrier function and is altered in Crohn’s disease[J]. Cell Death Dis, 2024, 15(7): 536. doi: 10.1038/s41419-024-06925-x [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5. 李 静, 孙 洋, 熊心雨, 等. 樱黄素抑制TLR4/MyD88通路减轻肠上皮炎症反应改善小鼠克罗恩病样结肠炎[J]. 细胞与分子免疫学杂志, 2024, 40(3): 199-206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6. Ma WY, Wang M, Chen JK, et al. Qingshu Yiqi decoction ameliorates exertional heat stroke-induced intestinal barrier injury via NF‑κB/MLC pathway and gut microbiota[J]. Phytomedicine, 2025, 143: 156723. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156723 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7. Kim HM, Kim YM. HMGB1: LPS delivery vehicle for caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis[J]. Immunity, 2018, 49(4): 582-4. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.021 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8. Veloso PM, Machado R, Nobre C. Mesalazine and inflammatory bowel disease-From well-established therapies to progress beyond the state of the art[J]. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2021, 167: 89-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.014 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9. Kapizioni C, Desoki R, Lam D, et al. Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: real-world comparative effectiveness and impact of drug sequencing in 13 222 patients within the UK IBD BioResource[J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2024, 18(6): 790-800. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10. Alajmi A, Yuan YH, Solitano V, et al. 5-Aminosalicylates for non-surgical patients with active or quiescent Crohn's disease: an overview of systematic reviews (umbrella review)[J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2025, 19(5): jjaf069. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaf069 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11. 李 艳, 刘 阳, 郑 敏, 等. 苍苓止泻口服液治疗儿童腹泻的系统评价[J]. 中国医院用药评价与分析, 2018, 18(1): 74-7, 82. [Google Scholar]
  • 12. 朱鸿全. 桃红马鞭汤治疗子宫内膜异位症48例[J]. 陕西中医, 1998, 19(12): 532. [Google Scholar]
  • 13. 赵益人. 马鞭草合剂治疗血尿[J]. 上海中医药杂志, 1979, 13(4): 26. [Google Scholar]
  • 14. Wang YY, Wang X, Li YX, et al. Xuanfei Baidu Decoction reduces acute lung injury by regulating infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages via PD-1/IL17A pathway[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2022, 176: 106083. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106083 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15. Kang ZC, Jiang WL, Luan HY, et al. Cornin induces angiogenesis through PI3K-Akt-ENOS-VEGF signaling pathway[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2013, 58: 340-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.017 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16. Dong JH, Du CL, Xu CT, et al. Verbenalin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis by regulating MDMX/PPARα‑mediated ferroptosis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2023, 307: 116227. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116227 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17. Zuo LG, Li J, Zhang XF, et al. Aberrant mesenteric adipose extracellular matrix remodelling is involved in adipocyte dysfunction in Crohn's disease: the role of TLR-4-mediated macrophages[J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2022, 16(11): 1762-76. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac087 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18. Lukonin I, Serra D, Challet Meylan L, et al. Phenotypic landscape of intestinal organoid regeneration[J]. Nature, 2020, 586(7828): 275-80. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2776-9 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19. Alula KM, Dowdell AS, LeBere B, et al. Interplay of gut microbiota and host epithelial mitochondrial dysfunction is necessary for the development of spontaneous intestinal inflammation in mice[J]. Microbiome, 2023, 11(1): 256. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01686-9 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20. Zuo LG, Li J, Ge ST, et al. Bryostatin-1 ameliorated experimental colitis in Il-10-/- Mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and limiting immune dysfunction[J]. J Cell Mol Med, 2019, 23(8): 5588-99. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14457 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21. 李晴晴, 黄 菊, 孙 洋, 等. 乙酰紫堇灵通过抑制肠上皮细胞凋亡改善三硝基苯磺酸诱导的小鼠克罗恩病样结肠炎[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2023, 43(8): 1306-14. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22. Li YY, Wang XJ, Su YL, et al. Baicalein ameliorates ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via AhR/IL-22 pathway in ILC3s[J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2022, 43(6): 1495-507. doi: 10.1038/s41401-021-00781-7 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23. Dönder Y, Arikan TB, Baykan M, et al. Effects of quercitrin on bacterial translocation in a rat model of experimental colitis[J]. Asian J Surg, 2018, 41(6): 543-50. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2017.12.002 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24. Zuo LG, Geng ZJ, Song X, et al. Browning of mesenteric white adipose tissue in Crohn’s disease: a new pathological change and therapeutic target[J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2023, 17(8): 1179-92. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad046 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25. Wirtz S, Popp V, Kindermann M, et al. Chemically induced mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation[J]. Nat Protoc, 2017, 12(7): 1295-309. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2017.044 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26. Wei ZY, Ni X, Cui H, et al. Engeletin attenuates the inflammatory response via inhibiting TLR4-NFκB signaling pathway in Crohn's disease-like colitis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2025, 336: 118733. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118733 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27. Gao ZX, Yu XC, Su WL, et al. Atractylenolide-1 alleviates ulcerative colitis via restraining RhoA/ROCK/MLC pathway-mediated intestinal barrier dysfunction[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2025, 73(21): 12690-701. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c11976 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28. Liu HY, Li SC, Ogamune KJ, et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii reduces intestinal inflammation and rebalances splenic treg/Th17 responses in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis[J]. Antioxidants (Basel), 2025, 14(4): 433. doi: 10.3390/antiox14040433 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29. Leibovitzh H, Lee SH, Xue MY, et al. Altered gut microbiome composition and function are associated with gut barrier dysfunction in healthy relatives of patients with Crohn's disease[J]. Gastroenterology, 2022, 163(5): 1364-76.e10. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.004 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30. Sato Y, Kanayama M, Nakajima S, et al. Sialyllactose enhances the short-chain fatty acid production and barrier function of gut epithelial cells via nonbifidogenic modification of the fecal microbiome in human adults[J]. Microorganisms, 2024, 12(2): 252. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12020252 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31. Spalinger MR, Schwarzfischer M, Niechcial A, et al. Loss of PTPN22 promotes intestinal inflammation by compromising granulocyte-mediated antibacterial defence[J]. J Crohns Colitis, 2021, 15(12): 2118-30. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab098 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32. Hazime H, Ducasa GM, Santander AM, et al. DUOX2 activation drives bacterial translocation and subclinical inflammation in IBD-associated dysbiosis[J]. Gut, 2025, 74(10): 1589-601. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-334346 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33. Zhang J, Zhao LL, He JY, et al. Protect effects of Perilla seed extract and its active ingredient luteolin against inflammatory bowel disease model via the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in vivo and in vitro [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2025, 26(8): 3564. doi: 10.3390/ijms26083564 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34. Qiao M, Xue TT, Zhu Y, et al. Polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola mitigate inflammatory bowel disease via modulating intestinal microbiota and SRC/EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways[J]. Int J Biol Macromol, 2025, 308(Pt 2): 142452. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142452 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35. Zhang SF, Zhong RQ, Zhou M, et al. Mechanisms of baicalin alleviates intestinal inflammation: role of M1 macrophage polarization and Lactobacillus amylovorus [J]. Adv Sci (Weinh), 2025, 12(21): e2415948. doi: 10.1002/advs.202415948 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36. Geng ZJ, Zuo LG, Li J, et al. Ginkgetin improved experimental colitis by inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis through EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling[J]. FASEB J, 2024, 38(14): e23817. doi: 10.1096/fj.202400211rr [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 37. Hu JY, Niu JJ, Jiang SS, et al. Qilian Jiechang Ning alleviates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice and segatella copri outer membrane vesicle-triggered inflammation in colon epithelial cells via the caspase-1/11-GSDMD pathways[J]. J Innate Immun, 2025, 17(1): 262-76. doi: 10.1159/000545394 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38. Zhao HM, Xu R, Huang XY, et al. Curcumin improves regulatory T cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissue of colitis mice[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2016, 22(23): 5374-83. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5374 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Southern Medical University are provided here courtesy of Editorial Department of Journal of Southern Medical University

RESOURCES