Wenpei Fan
Wenpei Fan
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,#,
Nan Lu
Nan Lu
2Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
3Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
2,3,#,
Zheyu Shen
Zheyu Shen
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,✉,
Wei Tang
Wei Tang
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Bo Shen
Bo Shen
4Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
4,
Zhaowen Cui
Zhaowen Cui
5State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
5,
Lingling Shan
Lingling Shan
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Zhen Yang
Zhen Yang
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Zhantong Wang
Zhantong Wang
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Orit Jacobson
Orit Jacobson
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Zijian Zhou
Zijian Zhou
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Yijing Liu
Yijing Liu
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Ping Hu
Ping Hu
5State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
5,
Weijing Yang
Weijing Yang
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Jibin Song
Jibin Song
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,
Yang Zhang
Yang Zhang
6Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
6,
Liwen Zhang
Liwen Zhang
6Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
6,
Niveen M Khashab
Niveen M Khashab
6Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
6,
Maria A Aronova
Maria A Aronova
7Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
7,
Guangming Lu
Guangming Lu
3Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
3,✉,
Xiaoyuan Chen
Xiaoyuan Chen
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
1,✉
1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
2Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
3Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 210002 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
4Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
5State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
6Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
7Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2026
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
