1Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
2Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso ‘Cittadella della Salute’, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy
3Proctology and Pelvic Floor Surgery Unit, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
4Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
5Minerva Surgical Service, Catanzaro, Italy
6The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
7West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
8The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
9The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
10Department of Surgery, Ospedale Cristo Re, Rome, Italy
11Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Surgery, General Surgery Unit—Hospital University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, SE Italy
12The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
13Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
14General Surgery, SS Colo-Rectal and Proctological Surgery, Biella Hospital, Ponderano, Biella, Italy
15Institut Léopold Bellan, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Service de Proctologie Médico-Chirurgicale, Paris, France
16Department of Colorectal Surgery, S. Rita Clinic, Vercelli, Italy
17Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
18Centrum Medyczne PZU Zdrowie Artimed, Kielce, Poland
19Department of General and Emergency Surgery, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
20Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
21Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
22The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
23Beijing Rectum Hospital, Beijing, China
24Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei China
25the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning China
26Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Avenida Torrado da Silva, 2801-951 Almada, Portugal
27“Suedstadt” Surgical Group Practise, Karolingerring 31, 50678 Cologne, Germany
28Colorectal Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
29Department of General Surgery, Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL Lecce, Casarano, Italy