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. 2025 Nov 28;17(2):301–311. doi: 10.1007/s13300-025-01820-w

Correction to: Quantifying Patient Preferences for Basal Insulin Treatments in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Canada, Spain, France, and Japan

Amy M Jones 1,✉, Pam Hallworth 2, Sophi Tatlock 1, Morten Sall Jensen 3, Helen Kendal 1, Sophie Wallace 1, Elisabeth de Laguiche 3
PMCID: PMC12909692  PMID: 41313427

Correction to: Diabetes Ther 10.1007/s13300-025-01779-8

In the original article, Table 1 contained a few errors. The original Table 1 was published as below.

Sample characteristics France (n = 166) Canada (n = 155) Japan (n = 119) Spain (n = 73) Total sample (N = 513)
Demographic characteristics
Mean age, years (Min–Max) 63.9 (39–90) 52.9 (20–79) 58.1 (28–79) 57.3 (29–85) 58.3 (20–90)
Sex assigned at birth, n (%) Male 93 (56.0%) 65 (41.9%) 83 (69.7%) 37 (50.7%) 278 (54.2%)
Female 72 (43.4%) 90 (58.1%) 36 (30.3%) 35 (47.9%) 233 (45.4%)
Intersex 1 (0.6%) –  –  –  1 (0.2%)
Prefer not to say –  –  –  1 (1.4%) 1 (0.2%)
Gender identity, n (%)* Cisgender man 92 (55.4%) 64 (41.3%) 83 (69.7%) 37 (50.7%) 276 (53.8%)
Cisgender woman 72 (43.4%) 88 (56.8%) 36 (30.3%) 35 (47.9%) 231 (45.0%)
Buriez* 1 (0.6%) –  –  –  1 (0.2%)
Cisgender (unspecified) –  –  –  1 (1.4%) 1 (0.2%)
Cisgender intersex 1 (0.6%) –  –  –  1 (0.2%)
Gender fluid* –  1 (0.6%) –  –  1 (0.2%)
Non-binary* –  1 (0.6%) –  –  1 (0.2%)
Prefer not to say –  1 (0.6%) –  –  1 (0.2%)
Ethnicity, n (%) ** European 62 (40.0%) 62 (40.0%)
North American 53 (34.1%) 53 (34.1%)
Asian 11 (7.0%) 11 (7.0%)
Caribbean 8 (5.1%) 8 (5.1%)
African 6 (3.9%) 6 (3.9%)
Latin, Central, and South American 2 (1.3%) 2 (1.3%)
Oceania 1 (0.7%) 1 (0.7%)
Ethnical and cultural origin not specified 8 (5.2%) 8 (5.2%)
Prefer not to say 4 (2.6%) 4 (2.6%)
Race, n (%) ** White 109 (70%) 109 (70%)
Black 11 (7%) 11 (7%)
South Asian 10 (6%) 10 (6%)
First Nations, Métis or Inuk (Inuit) 7 (5%) 7 (5%)
Multi racial 5 (3%) 5 (3%)
Southeast Asian 4 (3%) 4 (3%)
Latin American 2 (1%) 2 (1%)
Arab 2 (1%) 2 (1%)
Not listed 5 (3%) 5 (3%)
Employment status, n (%) Working full-time (paid or volunteer work) 41 (24.7%) 60 (38.7%) 56 (47.1%) 41 (56.2%) 198 (38.6%)
Retired 98 (59.0%) 35 (22.6%) 18 (15.1%) 20 (27.4%) 171 (33.3%)
Working part-time (paid or volunteer work) 3 (1.8%) 22 (14.2%) 12 (10.1%) 3 (4.1%) 40 (7.8%)
Unemployed 11 (6.6%) 8 (5.2%) 15 (12.6%) 2 (2.7%) 36 (7.0%)
Homemaker 3 (1.8%) 3 (1.9%) 13 (10.9%) 3 (4.1%) 23 (4.5%)
On long-term sick leave 4 (2.4%) 13 (8.4%) 1 (0.8%) –  18 (3.5%)
Student –  3 (1.9%) –  1 (1.4%) 4 (0.8%)
Not listed 6 (3.6%) 11 (7.1%) 3 (2.5%) 3 (4.1%) 23 (4.5%)
Current working pattern, n (%) Working fixed or similar hours 33 (75.0%) 69 (44.5%) 45 (37.8%) 32 (72.7%) 179 (34.9%)
Working in shifts with hours that vary 8 (18.2%) 19 (12.3%) 7 (5.9%) 11 (25.0%) 45 (8.7%)
Not listed 3 (6.8%) 4 (2.6%) 6 (5.0%) 1 (2.3%) 14 (2.8%)
Education level, n (%) *** High 54 (32.5%) 103 (66.5%) 69 (58.0%) 29 (39.7%) 255 (49.7%)
Low 98 (59.0%) 40 (25.8%) 37 (31.1%) 15 (20.5%) 190 (37.0%)
Not listed 14 (8.4%) 12 (7.7%) 13 (10.9%) 29 (39.7%) 68 (13.3%)
Health literacy score, n (%) Limited (4–12) 43 (25.9%) 13 (8.4%) 2 (1.7%) 9 (12.3%) 67 (13.1%)
Marginal (13–16) 82 (59.4%) 38 (24.5%) 12 (10.1%) 34 (46.6%) 166 (32.4%)
Adequate (17–20) 41 (24.7%) 104 (67.1%) 105 (88.2%) 30 (41.1%) 280 (55.5%)
Clinical characteristics
Treatment experience, n (%) Basal insulin-naïve and injectable GLP-1 RA naïve 47 (28.3%) 47 (30.3%) 43 (63.1%) 39 (53.4%) 176 (34.3%)
Basal insulin injection naïve but injectable GLP-1 RA experienced 70 (42.2%) 55 (35.5%) 36 (30.3%) 15 (20.5%) 176 (34.3%)
Basal insulin experienced 49 (29.5%) 53 (34.2%) 40 (33.6%) 19 (26.0%) 161 (31.4%)
Mean years since T2D diagnosis (Min–Max)† 12.1 (0.0–43.0) 10.3 (0.1–56) 12.4 (0.3–58.8) 11.5 (0.1–50.5) 11.6 (0.3–56.3)
Current treatment, n (%)†† Metformin 109 (65.7%) 96 (61.9%) 64 (53.8%) 28 (38.4%) 297 (57.9%)
GLP-1 RA 83 (50.0%) 70 (45.2%) 43 (36.1%) 21 (28.8%) 217 (42.3%)
Basal insulin 46 (27.7%) 45 (29.0%) 10 (8.4%) 34 (46.6%) 135 (26.3%)
SGLT2is 14 (8.4%) 64 (41.3%) 46 (38.7%) 10 (13.7%) 134 (26.1%)
DPP-4is 16 (9.6%) 22 (14.2%) 61 (51.3%) 12 (16.4%) 111 (21.6%)
Not listed 51 (30.7%) 27 (17.4%) 35 (29.4%) 12 (16.4%) 125 (24.4%)
Previous treatments, n (%)†† None 97 (58.4%) 47 (30.3%) 24 (20.2%) 30 (41.1%) 198 (38.5%)
DPP-4is 6 (3.6%) 41 (26.5%) 69 (58.0%) 6 (8.2%) 122 (23.8%)
Metformin 33 (19.9%) 31 (20.0%) 18 (15.1%) 27 (37.0%) 109 (21.2%)
GLP-1 RAs 14 (8.4%) 36 (23.2%) 31 (26.1%) 5 (6.8%) 86 (16.7%)
Basal insulins 6 (3.6%) 22 (14.2%) 32 (26.9%) 7 (9.6%) 67 (13.1%)
SGLT2is 3 (1.8%) 28 (18.1%) 22 (18.5%) –  53 (10.3%)
Not listed 22 (13.3%) 18 (11.6%) 32 (26.9%) 7 (9.6%) 79 (15.4%)

BMI, n (%)

[WHO classification][51]

Pre-obesity (25.0–29.9) 51 (30.7%) 48 (31.0%) 15 (12.6%) 15 (20.5%) 129 (25.1%)
Obesity class I (30.0–34.9) 38 (22.9%) 37 (23.9%) 26 (21.8%) 19 (26.0%) 120 (23.4%)
Normal weight (18.5–24.9) 27 (16.3%) 23 (14.8%) 44 (37.0%) 13 (17.8%) 107 (20.9%)
Obesity class III (≥ 40.0) 16 (9.6%) 29 (18.7%) 4 (3.4%) 8 (11.0%) 57 (11.1%)
Obesity class II (35.0–39.9) 16 (9.6%) 15 (9.7%) 8 (6.7%) 6 (8.2%) 45 (8.7%)
Underweight (< 18.5) 2 (1.2%) – 4 (3.4%) –  6 (1.2%)
Prefer not to say 16 (9.6%) 3 (1.9%) 18 (15.1%) 12 (16.4%) 49 (9.6%)
Comorbidities, n (%)†† Hypertension 79 (47.6%) 64 (41.3%) 34 (28.6%) 25 (34.2%) 202 (39.3%)
Obesity 39 (23.5%) 57 (36.8%) 25 (21.0%) 14 (19.2%) 135 (26.3%)
High cholesterol 29 (17.5%) 56 (36.1%) 23 (19.3%) 19 (26.0%) 127 (24.7%)
Depression 8 (4.8%) 52 (33.5%) 14 (11.8%) 3 (4.1%) 77 (15.0%)
Obstructive sleep apnea 32 (13.4%) 29 (18.7%) 3 (2.5%) 4 (5.5%) 68 (13.3%)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 5 (3.0%) 21 (13.5%) 6 (5.0%) 5 (6.8%) 37 (7.2%)
Asthma 3 (1.8%) 23 (14.8%) 7 (5.9%) 3 (4.1%) 36 (7.0%)
Coronary heart disease 8 (4.8%) 5 (3.2%) 3 (2.5%) 2 (2.7%) 18 (3.5%)
Rheumatoid arthritis 3 (1.8%) 11 (7.1%) 1 (0.8%) 2 (2.7%) 17 (0.4%)
Atrial fibrillation 2 (1.2%) 5 (3.2%) 3 (2.5%) 2 (2.7%) 12 (0.4%)
Cancer 5 (3.0%) 4 (2.6%) 3 (2.5%) –  12 (0.4%)
Osteoporosis 1 (0.6%) 8 (5.2%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1.4%) 11 (0.4%)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 4 (2.4%) 3 (1.9%) 1 (0.8%) –  8 (0.4%)
Alzheimer’s disease 1 (0.6%) –  –  –  1 (0.2%)
Not listed 37 (22.3%) 44 (28.4%) 34 (28.6%) 15 (20.5%) 130 (25.3%)

*Where gender identity did not match sex assigned at birth (cisgender), participants self-described their gender identity. ‘Buriez’ was self-described by a participant in France, there is no direct English translation

**Race and ethnicity only collected for Canada due to data protection regulations restricting the collection of this information in France, Japan, and Spain

***A ‘low’ education level is defined as completion of high (secondary) school diploma/equivalent certificate or below only in Canada; completion of secondary education (middle school or high school qualifications or equivalent) or below only in France; completion of lower secondary education (Graduate of Secondary Education Certificate or equivalent) or below in Spain; completion of high school (or equivalent) or below only in Japan. A ‘high’ education level is defined as completion of post-secondary certificate, diploma, or degree or above in Canada; completion of high education (vocational diploma or equivalent) or above in France; completion of upper secondary education (Bachillerato certificate or equivalent) or above in Spain; completion of an undergraduate degree or above at university in Japan

†n = 14 participants were diagnosed < 180 days, which was a deviation from the eligibility criteria

††Total is not equal to 100% as participants selected more than one response option

The correct Table 1 has been provided below:

Sample characteristics France (n = 166) Canada (n = 155) Japan (n = 119) Spain (n = 73) Total sample (N = 513)
Demographic characteristics
Mean age, years (Min–Max) 63.9 (39–90) 52.9 (20–79) 58.1 (28–79) 57.3 (29–85) 58.3 (20–90)
Sex assigned at birth, n (%) Male 93 (56.0%) 65 (41.9%) 83 (69.7%) 37 (50.7%) 278 (54.2%)
Female 72 (43.4%) 90 (58.1%) 36 (30.3%) 35 (47.9%) 233 (45.4%)
Intersex 1 (0.6%) – –  – 1 (0.2%)
Prefer not to say – –  – 1 (1.4%) 1 (0.2%)
Gender identity, n (%)* Cisgender man 92 (55.4%) 64 (41.3%) 83 (69.7%) 37 (50.7%) 276 (53.8%)
Cisgender woman 72 (43.4%) 88 (56.8%) 36 (30.3%) 35 (47.9%) 231 (45.0%)
Buriez* 1 (0.6%)  −   −   −  1 (0.2%)
Cisgender (unspecified)  −   −   −  1 (1.4%) 1 (0.2%)
Cisgender intersex 1 (0.6%)  −   −   −  1 (0.2%)
Gender fluid*  −  1 (0.6%)  −   −  1 (0.2%)
Non-binary*  −  1 (0.6%)  −   −  1 (0.2%)
Prefer not to say  −  1 (0.6%)  −   −  1 (0.2%)
Ethnicity, n (%)** European  −  62 (40.0%)  −   −  62 (12.1%)
North American 53 (34.2%) 53 (10.3%)
Asian 11 (7.1%) 11 (2.1%)
Caribbean 8 (5.2%) 8 (1.6%)
African 6 (3.9%) 6 (1.2%)
Latin, Central and South American 2 (1.3%) 2 (0.4%)
Oceania 1 (0.6%) 1 (0.2%)
Ethnical and cultural origin not specified 8 (5.2%) 8 (1.6%)
Prefer not to say 4 (2.6%) 4 (0.8%)
Race, n (%)** White  −  109 (70.3%)  −   −  109 (21.2%)
Black 11 (7.1%) 11 (2.1%)
South Asian 10 (6.5%) 10 (1.9%)
First Nations, Métis or Inuk (Inuit) 7 (4.5%) 7 (1.4%)
Multi racial 5 (3.2%) 5 (1.0%)
Southeast Asian 4 (2.6%) 4 (0.8%)
Latin American 2 (1.3%) 2 (0.4%)
Arab 2 (1.3%) 2 (0.4%)
Not listed 5 (3.2%) 5 (1.0%)
Employment status, n (%) Working full-time (paid or volunteer work) 41 (24.7%) 60 (38.7%) 56 (47.1%) 41 (56.2%) 198 (38.6%)
Retired 98 (59.0%) 35 (22.6%) 18 (15.1%) 20 (27.4%) 171 (33.3%)
Working part-time (paid or volunteer work) 3 (1.8%) 22 (14.2%) 12 (10.1%) 3 (4.1%) 40 (7.8%)
Unemployed 11 (6.6%) 8 (5.2%) 15 (12.6%) 2 (2.7%) 36 (7.0%)
Homemaker 3 (1.8%) 3 (1.9%) 14 (11.8%) 3 (4.1%) 23 (4.5%)
On long-term sick leave 4 (2.4%) 13 (8.4%) 1 (0.8%)  −  18 (3.5%)
Student  −  3 (1.9%)  −  1 (1.4%) 4 (0.8%)
Not listed 6 (3.6%) 11 (7.1%) 3 (2.5%) 3 (4.1%) 23 (4.5%)
Current working pattern, n (%)*** Working fixed or similar hours 33 (75.0%) 59 (72.0%) 55 (80.9%) 32 (72.7%) 179 (75.2%)
Working in shifts with hours that vary 8 (18.2%) 19 (23.2%) 7 (10.3%) 11 (25.0%) 45 (18.9%)
Not listed 3 (6.8%) 4 (4.9%) 6 (8.8%) 1 (2.3%) 14 (5.9%)
Education level, n (%)† High 54 (32.5%) 103 (66.5%) 69 (58.0%) 29 (39.7%) 255 (49.7%)
Low 98 (59.0%) 40 (25.8%) 37 (31.1%) 15 (20.5%) 190 (37.0%)
Not listed 14 (8.4%) 12 (7.7%) 13 (10.9%) 29 (39.7%) 68 (13.3%)
Health literacy score, n (%) Limited (4–12) 43 (25.9%) 13 (8.4%) 2 (1.7%) 9 (12.3%) 67 (13.1%)
Marginal (13–16) 82 (49.4%) 38 (24.5%) 12 (10.1%) 34 (46.6%) 166 (32.4%)
Adequate (17–20) 41 (24.7%) 104 (67.1%) 105 (88.2%) 30 (41.1%) 280 (54.6%)
Clinical characteristics
Treatment experience, n (%) Basal insulin naïve and injectable GLP-1 RA naïve 47 (28.3%) 47 (30.3%) 43 (36.1%) 39 (53.4%) 176 (34.3%)
Basal insulin injection naïve but injectable GLP-1 RA experienced 70 (42.2%) 55 (35.5%) 36 (30.3%) 15 (20.5%) 176 (34.3%)
Basal insulin experienced 49 (29.5%) 53 (34.2%) 40 (33.6%) 19 (26.0%) 161 (31.4%)
Mean years since T2D diagnosis (Min–Max)†† 12.1 (0.0–43.1) 10.3 (0.1–56) 12.4 (0.3–58.7) 11.5 (0.1–50.5) 11.6 (0.0–58.7)
Current treatment, n (%)††† Metformin 109 (65.7%) 96 (61.9%) 64 (53.8%) 28 (38.4%) 297 (57.9%)
GLP-1 RA 83 (50.0%) 70 (45.2%) 43 (36.1%) 21 (28.8%) 217 (42.3%)
SGLT2is 14 (8.4%) 64 (41.3%) 47 (39.5%) 25 (34.2%) 150 (29.2%)
Basal insulin 46 (27.7%) 45 (29.0%) 9 (7.6%) 19 (26.0%) 119 (23.2%)
DPP-4is 16 (9.6%) 22 (14.2%) 41 (34.5%) 12 (16.4%) 91 (17.7%)
Not listed 51 (30.7%) 27 (17.4%) 35 (29.4%) 12 (16.4%) 125 (24.4%)
Previous treatments, n (%)††† None 97 (58.4%) 47 (30.3%) 24 (20.2%) 30 (41.1%) 198 (38.6%)
Metformin 33 (19.9%) 31 (20.0%) 18 (15.1%) 27 (37.0%) 109 (21.2%)
DPP-4is 6 (3.6%) 41 (26.5%) 47 (39.5%) 6 (8.2%) 100 (19.5%)
GLP-1 RAs 13 (7.8%) 36 (23.2%) 24 (20.2%) 4 (5.5%) 77 (15.0%)
Basal insulins 6 (3.6%) 21 (13.5%) 33 (27.7%) 5 (6.8%) 65 (12.7%)
SGLT2is 3 (1.8%) 28 (18.1%) 17 (14.3%) 2 (2.7%) 50 (9.7%)
Not listed 22 (13.3%) 19 (12.3%) 30 (25.2%) 6 (8.2%) 77 (15.0%)
BMI, n (%) [WHO classification] [51] Pre-obesity (25.0-29.9) 51 (30.7%) 48 (31.0%) 15 (12.6%) 15 (20.5%) 129 (25.1%)
Obesity class I (30.0-34.9) 38 (22.9%) 37 (23.9%) 26 (21.8%) 19 (26.0%) 120 (23.4%)
Normal weight (18.5-24.9) 27 (16.3%) 23 (14.8%) 44 (37.0%) 13 (17.8%) 107 (20.9%)
Obesity class III (≥ 40.0) 16 (9.6%) 29 (18.7%) 4 (3.4%) 8 (11.0%) 57 (11.1%)
Obesity class II (35.0-39.9) 16 (9.6%) 15 (9.7%) 8 (6.7%) 6 (8.2%) 45 (8.7%)
Underweight (< 18.5) 2 (1.2%)  −  4 (3.4%)  −  6 (1.2%)
Prefer not to say 16 (9.6%) 3 (1.9%) 18 (15.1%) 12 (16.4%) 49 (9.6%)
Comorbidities, n (%)††† Hypertension 79 (47.6%) 64 (41.3%) 35 (29.4%) 24 (32.9%) 202 (39.4%)
Obesity 39 (23.5%) 57 (36.8%) 25 (21.0%) 14 (19.2%) 135 (26.3%)
High cholesterol 29 (17.5%) 56 (36.1%) 23 (19.3%) 19 (26.0%) 127 (24.8%)
Depression 8 (4.8%) 52 (33.5%) 14 (11.8%) 3 (4.1%) 77 (15.0%)
Obstructive sleep apnea 28 (16.9%) 29 (18.7%) 7 (5.9%) 4 (5.5%) 68 (13.3%)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 5 (3.0%) 21 (13.5%) 6 (5.0%) 5 (6.8%) 37 (7.2%)
Asthma 3 (1.8%) 23 (14.8%) 7 (5.9%) 3 (4.1%) 36 (7.0%)
Coronary heart disease 8 (4.8%) 5 (3.2%) 3 (2.5%) 2 (2.7%) 18 (3.5%)
Rheumatoid arthritis 3 (1.8%) 11 (7.1%) 1 (0.8%) 2 (2.7%) 17 (3.3%)
Atrial fibrillation 2 (1.2%) 5 (3.2%) 3 (2.5%) 2 (2.7%) 12 (2.3%)
Cancer 5 (3.0%) 4 (2.6%) 3 (2.5%)  −  12 (2.3%)
Osteoporosis 1 (0.6%) 8 (5.2%) 1 (0.8%) 1 (1.4%) 11 (2.1%)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 4 (2.4%) 3 (1.9%) 1 (0.8%)  −  8 (1.6%)
Alzheimer’s Disease 1 (0.6%)  −   −   −  1 (0.2%)
Not listed 37 (22.3%) 44 (28.4%) 34 (28.6%) 15 (20.5%) 130 (25.3%)

*Where gender identity did not match sex assigned at birth (cisgender), participants self-described their gender identity. ‘Buriez’ was self-described by a participant in France, there is no direct English translation

**Race and ethnicity only collected for Canada due to data protections regulations restricting the collection of this information in France, Japan, and Spain

***% is out of number of people currently in full or part-time employment

†A ‘low’ education level is defined as completion of high (secondary) school diploma/equivalent certificate or below only in Canada; completion of secondary education (middle school or high school qualifications or equivalent) or below only in France; completion of lower secondary education (Graduate of Secondary Education Certificate or equivalent) or below in Spain; completion of high school (or equivalent) or below only in Japan. A ‘high’ education level is defined as completion of post-secondary certificate, diploma, or degree or above in Canada; completion of high education (vocational diploma or equivalent) or above in France; completion of upper secondary education (Bachillerato certificate or equivalent) or above in Spain; completion of an undergraduate degree or above at university in Japan

††n = 14 participants were diagnosed < 180 days, which was a deviation to the eligibility criteria

†††Total is not equal to 100% as participants selected more than one response option

The original article has been corrected.


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