Correction: Brain state dynamics and working memory in patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings

Correction: BMC Med 23, 376 (2025)

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04216-6

The original article [1], displays the following errors which the authors wish to address:

1. In the Results sub-section of the Abstract, the current text states that, in addition to the alterations in the high-demand and fixation states, patients showed a “reduced lifetime of low-demand state during the ‘0-back’”; however, as reported in the main text and Table 3, no group difference in the mean lifetime of the low-demand state (SL) during the “0-back” load remained significant after FDR correction (F = 5.090, p-fdr = 0.056).

To avoid misinterpretation, the authors would like to revise the entire sentence as follows: “Compared with controls and siblings, patients showed reduced occupancy and lifetime of the high-demand state during the ‘2-back’ load and increased occupancy and lifetime of the fixation state during both task periods.”

• 2.In the first paragraph of the Discussion, the article currently states that there is “a predominance of states representing absent/low task demands (SF) but a diminution of load-appropriate states (SH in 2-back and SL in 0-back) in patients.”; however, given that the reduction in SL during the “0-back” load does not survive FDR correction (as indicated by Table 3), this wording unintentionally implies a statistically significant effect.

The authors therefore would like to revise entire sentence as follows: “Second, a predominance of states representing absent/low task demands (SF) but a diminution of load-appropriate states (SH in the ‘2-back’ load) is seen in patients.”

• 3.Table 2 erroneously displays a formatting issue whereby the header ‘State 3’ is misaligned with its data column.

Table 2.

Occupancy and mean lifetime of each brain state

	State 1 (SH)	State 2 (SN)	State 3 (SF)	State 4 (SL)	F	p-fdr	Comparison
Occupancy [mean(SD)]
Total	0.279(0.218)	0.064(0.164)	0.332(0.297)	0.324(0.247)	257.930	< 0.001	SF≈SL > SH > SN
Fixation condition	0.151(0.121)	0.081(0.172)	0.410(0.300)	0.358(0.273)	146.836	< 0.001	SF > SL > SH > SN
‘0-back’ load	0.235(0.159)	0.055(0.156)	0.331(0.298)	0.379(0.254)	122.661	< 0.001	SL > SF > SH > SN
‘2-back’ load	0.452(0.234)	0.057(0.164)	0.256(0.273)	0.235(0.177)	169.243	< 0.001	SH > SF≈SL > SN
Mean Lifetime [mean(SD)]
Total	6.51(4.46)	3.12(8.81)	11.78(14.24)	8.07(7.61)	131.363	< 0.001	SF > SL > SH > SN
Fixation condition	4.30(2.83)	3.75(9.52)	14.78(16.11)	8.77(8.28)	74.361	< 0.001	SF > SL > SH > SN
‘0-back’ load	5.79(3.47)	2.86(8.67)	11.84(13.7)	9.50(8.03)	56.463	< 0.001	SF > SL > SH > SN
‘2-back’ load	9.45(5.06)	2.76(8.18)	8.73(12.02)	5.93(−5.84)	41.480	< 0.001	SH≈SF > SL > SN

SH high-demand state, SN non-dominant state, SF fixation state, SL low-demand state

The correct version of Table 2 can be viewed ahead in this Correction article.