Skip to main content
Brain Sciences logoLink to Brain Sciences
. 2026 Feb 10;16(2):206. doi: 10.3390/brainsci16020206

Correction: Yasunaga et al. Associations Among Developmental Coordination Disorder Traits, Neurodevelopmental Difficulties and University Personality Inventory Scores in Undergraduate Students at a Japanese National University: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study. Brain Sci. 2025, 15, 895

Masanori Yasunaga 1,*, Ryutaro Higuchi 1, Keita Kusunoki 2, Naoto Mochizuki 1
PMCID: PMC12938739  PMID: 41750250

Error in Table

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 1 as published. The value reported for “Concentration” was incorrectly shown as “0.000”. The corrected Table 1 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Table 1.

Comparison of Assessment Results between Groups with and without DCD Traits.

Outcome
Measure
Group with DCD Traits Group Without DCD Traits
(n = 488)
(n = 39)
Median Median p-Value Effect Size
(25th–75th Percentile) (25th–75th Percentile)
Sex, n (%) † 0.055 † 0.091
Male 16 (41.0) 284 (58.2)
Female 23 (59.0) 204 (41.8)
Age 20 (19–22) 21 (18–23) 0.808 ‡ 0.11
AAC-Q
Total score 35 (33.0–37.0) 19(15.0–23.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.45
ADHD
Total score 13 (10.0–20.0) 4 (2.0–7.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.36
Concentration 1 (0–1.0) 1 (0–1.0) 0.555 ‡ 0.03
Inattention 3 (1.0–5.0) 0 (0–2.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.29
Impulsivity 3 (1.0–4.0) 0 (0–1.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.33
Sleep 1 (0–2.0) 0 (0–1.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.18
Planning 2 (0–3.0) 0 (0–1.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.24
Clumsiness 3 (2.0–5.0) 1(0–2.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.33
Organization 2 (1.0–3.0) 1(0–1.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.25
ASD
Total score 17 (9.0–23.0) 6 (2.0–11.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.27
Autism 10 (4.0–16.0) 3 (1.0–6.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.27
Interpersonal 7 (3.0–9.0) 2 (1.0–5.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.2
SLD
LDSP7 total score 11 (9.0–14.0) 9 (7.0–11.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.22
SCLD10 total score 14 (11.0–18.0) 11 (10.0–14.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.14
UPI
Total Score 14 (5.0–21.0) 5 (1.0–10.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.23
suicidal ideation 0.00 0.00 <0.001 ‡ 0.23
Mental Health
stress 3 (2.0–3.0) 2 (2.0–2.0) <0.001 ‡ 0.18

† chi-square test, effect size = Cramér’s V; ‡ Mann–Whitney U test, effect size = r. AAC-Q: Adolescents and Adults Coordination Questionnaire; ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Difficulty Scale (Short Version); ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder Difficulty Scale (Short Version); LDSP7: Learning Difficulty Scale for Postsecondary Students (7-item); SCLD10: Scale for Childhood Learning Difficulties (10-item); UPI: University Personality Inventory; MT: Mental health.

Text Correction

Additional minor revisions were also made to improve clarity and ensure consistency with the Academic Editor’s recommendations. Specifically, (i) p-value notation was standardized across the relevant tables (e.g., “p < 0.001” rather than “p = 0.000”); (ii) a note was added to Table 2 to explicitly state that Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were reported; (iii) wording in Table 3 and Section 3.3.1 was revised from “predicting” to “examining associations” to avoid unintended predictive implications in this cross-sectional study; (iv) Table 4 title/wording was adjusted to avoid describing the results as “hierarchical” in the table heading, while keeping the model specification, reported statistics, and interpretation unchanged; (v) the supplementary table reference was corrected for consistency (Supplementary Table S2); (vi) in Section 3.3.2, brief explanatory sentences were added to interpret the VIF values (confirming the absence of problematic multicollinearity) and to clarify the interpretation of the regression pattern in which AAC-Q becomes non-significant after adding ASD- and ADHD-related difficulties (suggesting possible overlap); and (vii) minor wording adjustments were made in the Discussion (Section 4.2) and Conclusions (Section 5) to improve clarity and maintain consistency with the cross-sectional design. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Footnotes

Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Reference

  • 1.Yasunaga M., Higuchi R., Kusunoki K., Mochizuki N. Associations Among Developmental Coordination Disorder Traits, Neurodevelopmental Difficulties and University Personality Inventory Scores in Undergraduate Students at a Japanese National University: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study. Brain Sci. 2025;15:895. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15080895. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Brain Sciences are provided here courtesy of Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

RESOURCES