| MetS | Metabolic Syndrome |
| DR | Diabetic Retinopathy |
| DME | Diabetic Macular Edema |
| HDL | High-Density Lipoprotein |
| T2DM | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| CRAO | Central Retinal Artery Occlusion |
| AMD | Age-related Macular Degeneration |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| mm | millimeter |
| PBS | Phosphate-Buffered Saline |
| PFA | Paraformaldehyde |
| OCT | Optimal Cutting Temperature |
| SD | Standard Deviation |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| ROI | Region of Interest |
| MC | Monoclonal |
| PC | Polyclonal |
| RPE | Retinal Pigment Epithelium |
| CRALBP | Cellular Retinaldehyde-binding Protein |
| OPL | Outer Plexiform Layer |
| IPL | Inner Plexiform Layer |
| OS | Outer Segments |
| IS | Inner Segments |
| ONL | Outer Nuclear Layer |
| NFL | Nerve Fiber Layer |
| PKCα | Protein Kinase C alpha |
| NeuN | Neuron-Specific Nuclear Protein |
| GCL | Ganglion Cell Layer |
| PSD-95 | Postsynaptic Density Protein |
| RGC | Retinal Ganglion Cells |
| GS | Glutamine Synthetase |
| GFAP | Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein |
| Iba1 | Ionized Calcium-binding Adaptor Molecule 1 |
| GPCR | G-protein Coupled Receptor |
| GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| DAMP | Damage-associated Molecular Pattern |
| TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| MetS Pigs | Pigs exhibiting Metabolic Syndrome |
| DAPI | 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |