Full text
PDF





Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Acheson R. M., Williams D. R. Does consumption of fruit and vegetables protect against stroke? Lancet. 1983 May 28;1(8335):1191–1193. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)92467-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ackerman R. H., Candia M. R. Identifying clinically relevant carotid disease. Stroke. 1994 Jan;25(1):1–3. doi: 10.1161/01.str.25.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barker D. J., Winter P. D., Osmond C., Margetts B., Simmonds S. J. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1989 Sep 9;2(8663):577–580. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90710-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonita R., Beaglehole R. Does treatment of hypertension explain the decline in mortality from stroke? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986 Jan 18;292(6514):191–192. doi: 10.1136/bmj.292.6514.191. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonita R., Beaglehole R. The enigma of the decline in stroke deaths in the United States: the search for an explanation. Stroke. 1996 Mar;27(3):370–372. doi: 10.1161/01.str.27.3.370. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonita R., Broad J. B., Beaglehole R. Changes in stroke incidence and case-fatality in Auckland, New Zealand, 1981-91. Lancet. 1993 Dec 11;342(8885):1470–1473. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92938-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonita R., Stewart A., Beaglehole R. International trends in stroke mortality: 1970-1985. Stroke. 1990 Jul;21(7):989–992. doi: 10.1161/01.str.21.7.989. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Broderick J. P., Phillips S. J., Whisnant J. P., O'Fallon W. M., Bergstralh E. J. Incidence rates of stroke in the eighties: the end of the decline in stroke? Stroke. 1989 May;20(5):577–582. doi: 10.1161/01.str.20.5.577. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brown R. D., Whisnant J. P., Sicks J. D., O'Fallon W. M., Wiebers D. O. Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival: secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989. Stroke. 1996 Mar;27(3):373–380. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Capron L. Chlamydia in coronary plaques--hidden culprit or harmless hobo? Nat Med. 1996 Aug;2(8):856–857. doi: 10.1038/nm0896-856. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Denton D., Weisinger R., Mundy N. I., Wickings E. J., Dixson A., Moisson P., Pingard A. M., Shade R., Carey D., Ardaillou R. The effect of increased salt intake on blood pressure of chimpanzees. Nat Med. 1995 Oct;1(10):1009–1016. doi: 10.1038/nm1095-1009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eisenblätter D., Heinemann L., Classen E. Community-based stroke incidence trends from the 1970s through the 1980s in East Germany. Stroke. 1995 Jun;26(6):919–923. doi: 10.1161/01.str.26.6.919. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elliott P., Stamler J., Nichols R., Dyer A. R., Stamler R., Kesteloot H., Marmot M. Intersalt revisited: further analyses of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ. 1996 May 18;312(7041):1249–1253. doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Falkeborn M., Persson I., Terént A., Bergström R., Lithell H., Naessén T. Long-term trends in incidence of and mortality from acute myocardial infarction and stroke in women: Analyses of total first events and of deaths in the Uppsala Health Care Region, Sweden. Epidemiology. 1996 Jan;7(1):67–74. doi: 10.1097/00001648-199601000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feigin V. L., Wiebers D. O., Whisnant J. P., O'Fallon W. M. Stroke incidence and 30-day case-fatality rates in Novosibirsk, Russia, 1982 through 1992. Stroke. 1995 Jun;26(6):924–929. doi: 10.1161/01.str.26.6.924. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinleib M. Trends in heart disease in the United States. Am J Med Sci. 1995 Dec;310 (Suppl 1):S8–14. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199512000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gale C. R., Martyn C. N., Winter P. D., Cooper C. Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people. BMJ. 1995 Jun 17;310(6994):1563–1566. doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6994.1563. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gey K. F., Stähelin H. B., Eichholzer M. Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke: Basel Prospective Study. Clin Investig. 1993 Jan;71(1):3–6. doi: 10.1007/BF00210955. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Harmsen P., Tsipogianni A., Wilhelmsen L. Stroke incidence rates were unchanged, while fatality rates declined, during 1971-1987 in Göteborg, Sweden. Stroke. 1992 Oct;23(10):1410–1415. doi: 10.1161/01.str.23.10.1410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jha P., Flather M., Lonn E., Farkouh M., Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease. A critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Dec 1;123(11):860–872. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-123-11-199512010-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jousilahti P., Vartiainen E., Tuomilehto J., Puska P. Symptoms of chronic bronchitis and the risk of coronary disease. Lancet. 1996 Aug 31;348(9027):567–572. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02374-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jørgensen H. S., Plesner A. M., Hübbe P., Larsen K. Marked increase of stroke incidence in men between 1972 and 1990 in Frederiksberg, Denmark. Stroke. 1992 Dec;23(12):1701–1704. doi: 10.1161/01.str.23.12.1701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klag M. J., Whelton P. K., Appel L. J. Effect of age on the efficacy of blood pressure treatment strategies. Hypertension. 1990 Dec;16(6):700–705. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.16.6.700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klag M. J., Whelton P. K., Seidler A. J. Decline in US stroke mortality. Demographic trends and antihypertensive treatment. Stroke. 1989 Jan;20(1):14–21. doi: 10.1161/01.str.20.1.14. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kôrv J., Roose M., Kaasik A. E. Changed incidence and case-fatality rates of first-ever stroke between 1970 and 1993 in Tartu, Estonia. Stroke. 1996 Feb;27(2):199–203. doi: 10.1161/01.str.27.2.199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MORRIS J. N. Recent history of coronary disease. Lancet. 1951 Jan 6;1(6645):1–contd. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(51)93490-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MacMahon S., Peto R., Cutler J., Collins R., Sorlie P., Neaton J., Abbott R., Godwin J., Dyer A., Stamler J. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990 Mar 31;335(8692):765–774. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90878-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malmgren R., Warlow C., Bamford J., Sandercock P. Geographical and secular trends in stroke incidence. Lancet. 1987 Nov 21;2(8569):1196–1200. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91331-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Martyn C. N., Barker D. J., Osmond C. Mothers' pelvic size, fetal growth, and death from stroke and coronary heart disease in men in the UK. Lancet. 1996 Nov 9;348(9037):1264–1268. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)04257-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGuire W. P., Hoskins W. J., Brady M. F., Kucera P. R., Partridge E. E., Look K. Y., Clarke-Pearson D. L., Davidson M. Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jan 4;334(1):1–6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199601043340101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nieminen M. S., Mattila K., Valtonen V. Infection and inflammation as risk factors for myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1993 Dec;14 (Suppl K):12–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Osmond C., Barker D. J., Winter P. D., Fall C. H., Simmonds S. J. Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women. BMJ. 1993 Dec 11;307(6918):1519–1524. doi: 10.1136/bmj.307.6918.1519. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pisa Z., Uemura K. Trends of mortality from ischaemic heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases in 27 countries, 1968-1977. World Health Stat Q. 1982;35(1):11–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poulter N. R., Khaw K. T., Hopwood B. E., Mugambi M., Peart W. S., Rose G., Sever P. S. The Kenyan Luo migration study: observations on the initiation of a rise in blood pressure. BMJ. 1990 Apr 14;300(6730):967–972. doi: 10.1136/bmj.300.6730.967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rice-Evans C., Bruckdorfer K. R. Free radicals, lipoproteins and cardiovascular dysfunction. Mol Aspects Med. 1992;13(1):1–111. doi: 10.1016/0098-2997(92)90002-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sarti C., Tuomilehto J., Sivenius J., Kaarsalo E., Narva E. V., Salmi K., Torppa J., Salomaa V. Declining trends in incidence, case-fatality and mortality of stroke in three geographic areas of Finland during 1983-1989. Results from the FINMONICA stroke register. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994 Nov;47(11):1259–1269. doi: 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90131-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shinton R., Beevers G. Meta-analysis of relation between cigarette smoking and stroke. BMJ. 1989 Mar 25;298(6676):789–794. doi: 10.1136/bmj.298.6676.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith G. D., Phillips A. N. Inflation in epidemiology: "the proof and measurement of association between two things" revisited. BMJ. 1996 Jun 29;312(7047):1659–1661. doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7047.1659. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stamler J., Rose G., Stamler R., Elliott P., Dyer A., Marmot M. INTERSALT study findings. Public health and medical care implications. Hypertension. 1989 Nov;14(5):570–577. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.14.5.570. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stegmayr B., Asplund K., Wester P. O. Trends in incidence, case-fatality rate, and severity of stroke in northern Sweden, 1985-1991. Stroke. 1994 Sep;25(9):1738–1745. doi: 10.1161/01.str.25.9.1738. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stephens N. G., Parsons A., Schofield P. M., Kelly F., Cheeseman K., Mitchinson M. J. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS) Lancet. 1996 Mar 23;347(9004):781–786. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90866-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terént A. Increasing incidence of stroke among Swedish women. Stroke. 1988 May;19(5):598–603. doi: 10.1161/01.str.19.5.598. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thom T. J. Stroke mortality trends. An international perspective. Ann Epidemiol. 1993 Sep;3(5):509–518. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(93)90107-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thorvaldsen P., Asplund K., Kuulasmaa K., Rajakangas A. M., Schroll M. Stroke incidence, case fatality, and mortality in the WHO MONICA project. World Health Organization Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease. Stroke. 1995 Mar;26(3):361–367. doi: 10.1161/01.str.26.3.361. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tuomilehto J., Rastenyte D., Sivenius J., Sarti C., Immonen-Räihä P., Kaarsalo E., Kuulasmaa K., Narva E. V., Salomaa V., Salmi K. Ten-year trends in stroke incidence and mortality in the FINMONICA Stroke Study. Stroke. 1996 May;27(5):825–832. doi: 10.1161/01.str.27.5.825. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ueda K., Omae T., Hirota Y., Takeshita M., Katsuki S., Tanaka K., Enjoji M. Decreasing trend in incidence and mortality from stroke in Hisayama residents, Japan. Stroke. 1981 Mar-Apr;12(2):154–160. doi: 10.1161/01.str.12.2.154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Uemura K., Pisa Z. Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in industrialized countries since 1950. World Health Stat Q. 1988;41(3-4):155–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Valtonen V. V. Infection as a risk factor for infarction and atherosclerosis. Ann Med. 1991;23(5):539–543. doi: 10.3109/07853899109150515. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vartiainen E., Sarti C., Tuomilehto J., Kuulasmaa K. Do changes in cardiovascular risk factors explain changes in mortality from stroke in Finland? BMJ. 1995 Apr 8;310(6984):901–904. doi: 10.1136/bmj.310.6984.901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Verlangieri A. J., Kapeghian J. C., el-Dean S., Bush M. Fruit and vegetable consumption and cardiovascular mortality. Med Hypotheses. 1985 Jan;16(1):7–15. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(85)90035-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whelton P. K. Declining mortality from hypertension and stroke. South Med J. 1982 Jan;75(1):33–38. doi: 10.1097/00007611-198201000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whisnant J. P. The decline of stroke. Stroke. 1984 Jan-Feb;15(1):160–168. doi: 10.1161/01.str.15.1.160. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Xie J. X., Sasaki S., Joossens J. V., Kesteloot H. The relationship between urinary cations obtained from the INTERSALT study and cerebrovascular mortality. J Hum Hypertens. 1992 Feb;6(1):17–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]