Full text
PDF




Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aiken L. H., Smith H. L., Lake E. T. Lower Medicare mortality among a set of hospitals known for good nursing care. Med Care. 1994 Aug;32(8):771–787. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199408000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aiken L. H., Sochalski J., Anderson G. F. Downsizing the hospital nursing workforce. Health Aff (Millwood) 1996 Winter;15(4):88–92. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.15.4.88. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Black N., Johnston A. Volume and outcome in hospital care: evidence, explanations and implications. Health Serv Manage Res. 1990 Jul;3(2):108–114. doi: 10.1177/095148489000300205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clarke A., McKee M. The consultant episode: an unhelpful measure. BMJ. 1992 Nov 28;305(6865):1307–1308. doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6865.1307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cleary R., Beard R., Coles J., Devlin B., Hopkins A., Schumacher D., Wickings I. Comparative hospital databases: value for management and quality. Qual Health Care. 1994 Mar;3(1):3–10. doi: 10.1136/qshc.3.1.3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cohen I. B. Florence Nightingale. Sci Am. 1984 Mar;250(3):128–137. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0384-128. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coulter A. Why should health services be primary care-led? J Health Serv Res Policy. 1996 Apr;1(2):122–124. doi: 10.1177/135581969600100212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davenport R. J., Dennis M. S., Warlow C. P. Effect of correcting outcome data for case mix: an example from stroke medicine. BMJ. 1996 Jun 15;312(7045):1503–1505. doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7045.1503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dickson N. League tables: Use for patients. Qual Health Care. 1995 Mar;4(1):1–1. doi: 10.1136/qshc.4.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edhouse J. A., Wardrope J. Do the national performance tables really indicate the performance of accident and emergency departments? J Accid Emerg Med. 1996 Mar;13(2):123–126. doi: 10.1136/emj.13.2.123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green J., Passman L. J., Wintfeld N. Analyzing hospital mortality. The consequences of diversity in patient mix. JAMA. 1991 Apr 10;265(14):1849–1853. doi: 10.1001/jama.265.14.1849. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Green J., Wintfeld N. Report cards on cardiac surgeons. Assessing New York State's approach. N Engl J Med. 1995 May 4;332(18):1229–1232. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199505043321812. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hannan E. L., Kilburn H., Jr, Racz M., Shields E., Chassin M. R. Improving the outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery in New York State. JAMA. 1994 Mar 9;271(10):761–766. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leveck M. L., Jones C. B. The nursing practice environment, staff retention, and quality of care. Res Nurs Health. 1996 Aug;19(4):331–343. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199608)19:4<331::AID-NUR7>3.0.CO;2-J. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McKee M., Hunter D. Mortality league tables: do they inform or mislead? Qual Health Care. 1995 Mar;4(1):5–12. doi: 10.1136/qshc.4.1.5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roberts J. A. Managing markets. J Public Health Med. 1993 Dec;15(4):305–310. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042880. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rockall T. A., Logan R. F., Devlin H. B., Northfield T. C. Variation in outcome after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The National Audit of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage. Lancet. 1995 Aug 5;346(8971):346–350. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92227-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shortell S. M., O'Brien J. L., Carman J. M., Foster R. W., Hughes E. F., Boerstler H., O'Connor E. J. Assessing the impact of continuous quality improvement/total quality management: concept versus implementation. Health Serv Res. 1995 Jun;30(2):377–401. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shortell S. M., Zimmerman J. E., Rousseau D. M., Gillies R. R., Wagner D. P., Draper E. A., Knaus W. A., Duffy J. The performance of intensive care units: does good management make a difference? Med Care. 1994 May;32(5):508–525. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199405000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sowden A. J., Deeks J. J., Sheldon T. A. Volume and outcome in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: true association or artefact? BMJ. 1995 Jul 15;311(6998):151–155. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6998.151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zimmerman J. E., Shortell S. M., Rousseau D. M., Duffy J., Gillies R. R., Knaus W. A., Devers K., Wagner D. P., Draper E. A. Improving intensive care: observations based on organizational case studies in nine intensive care units: a prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care Med. 1993 Oct;21(10):1443–1451. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]