Abstract
Over a period of 10 years, 160 children with cataracts underwent operation at the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Memphis. The surgical, optical, and psychosocial rehabilitation of these patients was analyzed and studied. The optical rehabilitation included patients with glasses, intraocular lens implants, epikeratophakia, and contact lenses. Seventy three of these patients were chosen at random and reevaluated as to visual outcome, and 46 were subjected to a psychosocial test to evaluate their quality of life and their rehabilitation. Eighteen of these were also given a psychosocial test to evaluate the quality of life enjoyed by these children at an older age following treatment for the cataract. Surgical, optical, and psychosocial rehabilitation of such children is also discussed. This is the first report of the psychological evaluation of such children. The further needs of these children as they approach adulthood are discussed in detail.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Alpar J. J. Guidelines for indications of intraocular lens implantation and selection of the proper lens. Ophthalmic Surg. 1975 Winter;6(4):31–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BOYD D. The three stages in the growth of a parent of a mentally retarded child. Am J Ment Defic. 1951 Apr;55(4):608–611. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barnard K. Teaching the retarded child is a family affair. Am J Nurs. 1968 Feb;68(2):305–311. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beasley H. The visual fields in aphakia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1965;63:363–416. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beller R., Hoyt C. S., Marg E., Odom J. V. Good visual function after neonatal surgery for congenital monocular cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981 May;91(5):559–565. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(81)90053-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Binkhorst C. D., Gobin M. H., Leonard P. A. Post-traumatic artificial lens implants (pseudophakoi) in children. Br J Ophthalmol. 1969 Aug;53(8):518–529. doi: 10.1136/bjo.53.8.518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Binkhorst C. D., Gobin M. H. Treatment of congenital and juvenile cataract with intraocular lens implants (pseudophakoi). Br J Ophthalmol. 1970 Nov;54(11):759–765. doi: 10.1136/bjo.54.11.759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brenner M. H., Curbow B., Javitt J. C., Legro M. W., Sommer A. Vision change and quality of life in the elderly. Response to cataract surgery and treatment of other chronic ocular conditions. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 May;111(5):680–685. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090050114040. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COSTENBADER F. D., ALBERT D. G. Conservatism in the management of congenital cataract. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1957 Sep;58(3):426–430. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1957.00940010438018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chandler P. A. Surgery of congenital cataract. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968 May;65(5):663–674. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(68)94379-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cheng K. P., Hiles D. A., Biglan A. W., Pettapiece M. C. Visual results after early surgical treatment of unilateral congenital cataracts. Ophthalmology. 1991 Jun;98(6):903–910. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32203-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dabezies O. H., Jr Defects of vision through aphakic spectacle lenses. Ophthalmology. 1979 Mar;86(3):352–379. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35503-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dahan E., Salmenson B. D. Pseudophakia in children: precautions, technique, and feasibility. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990 Jan;16(1):75–82. doi: 10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80878-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Davidson I. F., Simmons J. N. Young blind children: towards assessment for rehabilitation. Int J Rehabil Res. 1992;15(3):219–226. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drummond G. T., Scott W. E., Keech R. V. Management of monocular congenital cataracts. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989 Jan;107(1):45–51. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010047025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drummond G. T., Scott W. E., Keech R. V. Management of monocular congenital cataracts. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989 Jan;107(1):45–51. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010047025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elsas F. J. Visual acuity in monocular pediatric aphakia: does epikeratophakia facilitate occlusion therapy in children intolerant of contact lens or spectacle wear? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1990 Nov-Dec;27(6):304–309. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19901101-08. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Enoch J. M., Rabinowicz I. M. Early surgery and visual correction of an infant born with unilateral eye lens opacity. Doc Ophthalmol. 1976 Oct 15;41(2):371–382. doi: 10.1007/BF00146767. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Francois J. Late results of congenital cataract surgery. Ophthalmology. 1979 Sep;86(9):1586–1598. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35360-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frey T., Friendly D., Wyatt D. Re-evaluation of monocular cataracts in children. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 Sep;76(3):381–388. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(73)90495-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gelbart S. S., Hoyt C. S., Jastrebski G., Marg E. Long-term visual results in bilateral congenital cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982 May;93(5):615–621. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77377-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gimbel H. V., Ferensowicz M., Raanan M., DeLuca M. Implantation in children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1993 Mar-Apr;30(2):69–79. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19930301-03. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Goggin M., O'Keefe M. Childhood blindness in the Republic of Ireland: a national survey. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991 Jul;75(7):425–429. doi: 10.1136/bjo.75.7.425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiles D. A. Intraocular lens implantation in children with monocular cataracts. 1974-1983. Ophthalmology. 1984 Oct;91(10):1231–1237. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34162-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiles D. A. Intraocular lens implantation in children with monocular cataracts. 1974-1983. Ophthalmology. 1984 Oct;91(10):1231–1237. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34162-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiles D. A. The need for intraocular lens implantation in children. Ophthalmic Surg. 1977 Jun;8(3):162–169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiles D. A. Visual rehabilitation of aphakic children. III. Intraocular lenses. Surv Ophthalmol. 1990 Mar-Apr;34(5):371–379. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(90)90114-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoyt C. S. The optical correction of pediatric aphakia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986 May;104(5):651–652. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1986.01050170041017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keech R. V., Tongue A. C., Scott W. E. Complications after surgery for congenital and infantile cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989 Aug 15;108(2):136–141. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(89)90007-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kennerdell J. S. Evaluation of eyes with opaque anterior segments, using both ultrasonography and electroretinography. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 May;75(5):853–860. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kulvin S. M., Magoon R. C., Miller G. R. The surgical treatment of post-pseudophakos membranes. Ophthalmic Surg. 1975 Winter;6(4):47–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lambert S. R., Amaya L., Taylor D. Detection and treatment of infantile cataracts. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1989 Spring;29(1):51–56. doi: 10.1097/00004397-198902910-00015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Legro M. W. Quality of life and cataracts: a review of patient-centered studies of cataract surgery outcomes. Ophthalmic Surg. 1991 Aug;22(8):431–443. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leonard J. A., Newman R. C. Spatial orientation in the blind. Nature. 1967 Sep 23;215(5108):1413–1414. doi: 10.1038/2151413a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levin A. V., Edmonds S. A., Nelson L. B., Calhoun J. H., Harley R. D. Extended-wear contact lenses for the treatment of pediatric aphakia. Ophthalmology. 1988 Aug;95(8):1107–1113. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(88)33052-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lloyd I. C., Goss-Sampson M., Jeffrey B. G., Kriss A., Russell-Eggitt I., Taylor D. Neonatal cataract: aetiology, pathogenesis and management. Eye (Lond) 1992;6(Pt 2):184–196. doi: 10.1038/eye.1992.37. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parks M. M. Visual results in aphakic children. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982 Oct;94(4):441–449. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90237-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Phillips C. I., Levy A. M., Newton M., Stokoe N. L. Blindness in schoolchildren: importance of heredity, congenital cataract, and prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987 Aug;71(8):578–584. doi: 10.1136/bjo.71.8.578. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pratt-Johnson J. A., Tillson G. Unilateral congenital cataract: binocular status after treatment. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1989 Mar-Apr;26(2):72–75. doi: 10.3928/0191-3913-19890301-07. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Preisler G. M. Early patterns of interaction between blind infants and their sighted mothers. Child Care Health Dev. 1991 Mar-Apr;17(2):65–90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1991.tb00680.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rogers G. L., Tishler C. L., Tsou B. H., Hertle R. W., Fellows R. R. Visual acuities in infants with congenital cataracts operated on prior to 6 months of age. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981 Jun;99(6):999–1003. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1981.03930010999002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Satterfield D., Keltner J. L., Morrison T. L. Psychosocial aspects of strabismus study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 Aug;111(8):1100–1105. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090080096024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stark W. J., Taylor H. R., Michels R. G., Maumenee A. E. Management of congenital cataracts. Ophthalmology. 1979 Sep;86(9):1571–1578. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35361-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vaegan, Taylor D. Critical period for deprivation amblyopia in children. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1979;99(3):432–439. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Von Noorden G. K., Ryan S. J., Maumenee A. E. Management of congenital cataracts. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1970 Mar-Apr;74(2):352–359. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Woods A. C. THE ADJUSTMENT TO APHAKIA. Br J Ophthalmol. 1964 Jul;48(7):349–353. doi: 10.1136/bjo.48.7.349. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wright K. W., Christensen L. E., Noguchi B. A. Results of late surgery for presumed congenital cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 Oct 15;114(4):409–415. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71850-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Balen A. T. Four years' experience with Binkhorst lens implantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 May;75(5):755–763. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(73)90877-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- von Noorden G. K. Experimental amblyopia in monkeys. Further behavioral observations and clinical correlations. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Oct;12(10):721–726. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]