Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anderson R. L., Beard C. The levator aponeurosis. Attachments and their clinical significance. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977 Aug;95(8):1437–1441. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1977.04450080147019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BERTELSEN T. I. On 720 measurements with Lueddes exophthalmometer. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1954;32(5):589–595. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BERTELSEN T. I. The difference in exophthalmometric values on the two eyes in persons with high degree of myopia in one eye. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1956;34(1):69–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1956.tb03345.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burton E. W. Progressive Myopia: A Possible Etiologic Factor. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1942;40:340–354. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Coleman D. J., Jack R. L., Franzen L. A., Werner S. C. High resolution B-scan ultrasonography of the orbit. V. Eye changes of Graves' disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1972 Nov;88(5):465–471. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030467001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Copeland L., Villarreal A., Gwinup G. A new simple exophthalmometer. Comparison with existing instruments. JAMA. 1976 Mar 15;235(11):1134–1136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DRESCHER E. P., BENEDICT W. L. Asymmetric exophthalmos. Arch Ophthal. 1950 Jul;44(1):109–128. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910020112007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DREWS L. C. Exophthalmometry. Am J Ophthalmol. 1957 Jan;43(1):37–58. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DYER J. A., HENDERSON J. W. Orbitonometry in unilateral exophthalmos. Am J Ophthalmol. 1958 Feb;45(2):208–221. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(58)90645-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Day R. M. Ocular Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: Current Concepts. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1959;57:572–601. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doane M. G. Interactions of eyelids and tears in corneal wetting and the dynamics of the normal human eyeblink. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980 Apr;89(4):507–516. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(80)90058-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Donaldson S. S., Bagshaw M. A., Kriss J. P. Supervoltage orbital radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1973 Aug;37(2):276–285. doi: 10.1210/jcem-37-2-276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dyer J. A. The oculorotary muscles in Graves' disease. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1976;74:425–456. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elsby J. M. Orbitonometer. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968 Apr;52(4):355–355. doi: 10.1136/bjo.52.4.355. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Faulkner J. A., McCully K. K., Carlson D. S., McNamara J. A., Jr Contractile properties of the muscles of mastication of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following increase in muscle length. Arch Oral Biol. 1982;27(10):841–845. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(82)90039-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Faulkner J. A., Niemeyer J. H., Maxwell L. C., White T. P. Contractile properties of transplanted extensor digitorum longus muscles of cats. Am J Physiol. 1980 Mar;238(3):C120–C126. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1980.238.3.C120. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Flanagan J. C. Retraction of the eyelids secondary to thyroid ophthalmopathy--its surgical correction with sclera and the fate of the graft. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1980;78:657–685. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fledelius H. C. Inhibited growth and development as permanent features of low birth weight. A longitudinal study of eye size, height, head circumference, interpupillary distance and exophthalmometry, as measured at age of 10 and 18 years. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1982 Jul;71(4):645–650. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09490.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GROSSMANN E. E., BURNS T. A. Clinical use of orbitonometry. Am J Ophthalmol. 1954 Apr;37(4):520–528. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(54)92202-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gay A. J., Wolkstein M. A. Topical guanethidine therapy for endocrine lid retraction. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966 Sep;76(3):364–367. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1966.03850010366012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gorman C. A. The presentation and management of endocrine ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978 Mar;7(1):67–96. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(78)80036-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gormaz A. AN EXOPHTHALMOMETER FOR DIRECT MEASUREMENT. Br J Ophthalmol. 1946 Jun;30(6):350–353. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grove A. S., Jr Upper eyelid retraction and Graves' disease. Ophthalmology. 1981 Jun;88(6):499–506. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(81)34991-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gwinup G., Elias A. N., Ascher M. S. Effect on exophthalmos of various methods of treatment of Graves' disease. JAMA. 1982 Apr 16;247(15):2135–2138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HAUER J. Clinical observations of endocrine exophthalmos. Br J Ophthalmol. 1956 Sep;40(9):553–557. doi: 10.1136/bjo.40.9.553. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hauer J. Additional clinical sign of "unilateral" endocrine exophthalamos. Br J Ophthalmol. 1969 Mar;53(3):210–211. doi: 10.1136/bjo.53.3.210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hodes B. L., Frazee L., Szmyd S. Thyroid orbitopathy: an update. Ophthalmic Surg. 1979 Nov;10(11):25–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JACOBS H. B. Strength of the orbicularis oculi. Br J Ophthalmol. 1954 Sep;38(9):560–566. doi: 10.1136/bjo.38.9.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones L. T. A new concept of the orbital fascia and rectus muscle sheaths and its surgical implications. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1968 Sep-Oct;72(5):755–764. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEARNS T. P., HENDERSON J. W., HAINES S. F. Clinical orbitonometry in Graves's disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 1953 Jan;36(1):45–55. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(53)91507-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KNUDTZON K. On exophthalmometry; the result of 724 measurements with Hertel's exophthalmometer on normal adult individuals. Acta Psychiatr Neurol. 1949;24(3-4):523–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kroll A. J., Kuwabara T. Dysthyroid ocular myopathy. Anatomy, histology, and electron microscopy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966 Aug;76(2):244–247. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1966.03850010246017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MEANS J. H., STANBURY J. B. Clinical orbitonometry. Am J Med Sci. 1950 Oct;220(4):357–361. doi: 10.1097/00000441-195022040-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxwell L. C., Carlson D. S., McNamara J. A., Jr, Faulkner J. A. Adaptation of the masseter and temporalis muscles following alteration in length, with or without surgical detachment. Anat Rec. 1981 Jun;200(2):127–137. doi: 10.1002/ar.1092000203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller D. Pressure of the lid on the eye. Arch Ophthalmol. 1967 Sep;78(3):328–330. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1967.00980030330011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nath K., Gogi R., Rao G. S., Krishna G., Zaidi N. Normal exophthalmometry. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1977 Oct;25(3):47–52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nesterov A. P., Davlekamova E. R. Bulbar-pressure tests. Comparison of data obtained with anterior, lateral, and posterior compression of the eyeball. Arch Ophthalmol. 1974 Jul;92(1):15–17. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1974.01010010019005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shorr N., Neuhaus R. W., Baylis H. I. Ocular motility problems after orbital decompression for dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Ophthalmology. 1982 Apr;89(4):323–328. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34793-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tengroth B., Bogren H., Zackrisson U. Human exophthalmometry. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1964;42(4):864–874. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trobe J. D., Glaser J. S., Laflamme P. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Clinical profile and rationale for management. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Jul;96(7):1199–1209. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910060033007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trokel S. L., Jakobiec F. A. Correlation of CT scanning and pathologic features of ophthalmic Graves' disease. Ophthalmology. 1981 Jun;88(6):553–564. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(81)34993-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vistnes L. M. Mechanism of upper lid ptosis in the anophthalmic orbit. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976 Nov;58(5):539–545. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197611000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WEGELIUS O., ASBOE-HANSEN G., LAMBERG B. A. Retrobulbar connective tissue changes in malignant exophthalmos. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1957 Aug;25(4):452–456. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0250452. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waller R. R. Eyelid malpositions in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1982;80:855–930. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Werner S. C., Coleman D. J., Franzen L. A. Ultrasonographic evidence of a consistent orbital involvement in Graves's disease. N Engl J Med. 1974 Jun 27;290(26):1447–1450. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197406272902602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]