Skip to main content
PMC home page
Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society logoLink to Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society
. 1987;85:120–158.

Solar retinopathy: a photobiological and geophysical analysis.

L A Yannuzzi 1, Y L Fisher 1, A Krueger 1, J Slakter 1
PMCID: PMC1298770  PMID: 3328915

Full text

PDF
120

Images in this article

126FIGURE 1 A
on p.126
126FIGURE 1 B
on p.126
134FIGURE 4 A
on p.134
134FIGURE 4 B
on p.134
148FIGURE 7
on p.148

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AGARWAL L. P., MALIK S. R. Solar retinitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1959 Jun;43(6):366–370. doi: 10.1136/bjo.43.6.366. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anaclerio A. M., Wicker H. S. Self-induced solar retinopathy by patients in a psychiatric hospital. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970 May;69(5):731–736. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)93412-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ballowitz L. Effects of blue and white light on infant (Gunn) rats and on lactating mother rats. Report 2. Biol Neonate. 1971;19(4):409–425. doi: 10.1159/000240434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Berson E. L. Experimental and therapeutic aspects of photic damage to the retina. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Jan;12(1):35–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CARTER L. F. Early visual aid for the postoperative cataract patient. Am J Ophthalmol. 1963 Feb;55:383–383. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. CORCELLE L. Les héliotraumatismes. Arch Ophtalmol Rev Gen Ophtalmol. 1958 Jul-Aug;18(5):555–566. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DAS T., NIRANKARI M. S., CHADDAH M. R. Solar chorioretinal burn. Am J Ophthalmol. 1956 Jun;41(6):1048–1053. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(56)91056-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Eigner E. H. Self-induced solar retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966 Jun;61(6):1546–1547. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(66)90509-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Freedman J., Gombos G. M. Fluorescein fundus angiography in self-induced solar retinopathy. A case report. Can J Ophthalmol. 1971 Apr;6(2):124–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Friedman E., Kuwabara T. The retinal pigment epithelium. IV. The damaging effects of radiant energy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968 Aug;80(2):265–279. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1968.00980050267022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fuller D. G. Severe solar maculopathy associated with the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Am J Ophthalmol. 1976 Apr;81(4):413–416. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(76)90295-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GEERAETS W. J., WILLIAMS R. C., CHAN G., HAM W. T., Jr, GUERRY D., 3rd, SCHMIDT F. H. The relative absorption of thermal energy in retina and choroid. Invest Ophthalmol. 1962 Jun;1:340–347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gilkes M. J. Solar retinopathy. Br Med J. 1968 Sep 14;3(5619):678–679. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5619.678-b. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gladstone G. J., Tasman W. Solar retinitis after minimal exposure. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Aug;96(8):1368–1369. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910060122004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gorn R. A., Kuwabara T. Retinal damage by visible light. A physiologic study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1967 Jan;77(1):115–118. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1967.00980020117025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Griess G. A., Blankenstein M. F. Additivity and repair of actinic retinal lesions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981 Jun;20(6):803–807. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ham W. T., Jr, Mueller H. A., Ruffolo J. J., Jr, Clarke A. M. Sensitivity of the retina to radiation damage as a function of wavelength. Photochem Photobiol. 1979 Apr;29(4):735–743. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07759.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ham W. T., Jr, Mueller H. A., Ruffolo J. J., Jr, Guerry D., 3rd, Guerry R. K. Action spectrum for retinal injury from near-ultraviolet radiation in the aphakic monkey. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982 Mar;93(3):299–306. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90529-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ham W. T., Jr, Mueller H. A., Sliney D. H. Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light. Nature. 1976 Mar 11;260(5547):153–155. doi: 10.1038/260153a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ham W. T., Jr Ocular hazards of light sources: review of current knowledge. J Occup Med. 1983 Feb;25(2):101–103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ham W. T., Jr, Ruffolo J. J., Jr, Mueller H. A., Clarke A. M., Moon M. E. Histologic analysis of photochemical lesions produced in rhesus retina by short-wave-length light. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1978 Oct;17(10):1029–1035. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hansson H. A. A histochemical study of oxidative enzymes in rat retina damaged by visible light. Exp Eye Res. 1970 Apr;9(2):285–296. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4835(70)80086-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Harwerth R. S., Sperling H. G. Effects of intense visible radiation on the increment-threshold spectral sensitivity of the rhesus monkey eye. Vision Res. 1975 Nov;15(11):1193–1204. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(75)90162-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Harwerth R. S., Sperlng H. G. Prolonged color blindness induced by intense spectral lights in rhesus monkeys. Science. 1971 Oct 29;174(4008):520–523. doi: 10.1126/science.174.4008.520. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hatfield E. M. Eye injuries and the solar eclipse. Results of a survey. Sight Sav Rev. 1970 Summer;40(2):79–86. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kerr L. M., Little H. L. Foveomacular retinitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966 Oct;76(4):498–504. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1966.03850010500007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lanum J. The damaging effects of light on the retina. Empirical findings, theoretical and practical implications. Surv Ophthalmol. 1978 Jan-Feb;22(4):221–249. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(78)90070-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Lawwill T., Crockett S., Currier G. Retinal damage secondary to chronic light exposure, thresholds and mechanisms. Doc Ophthalmol. 1977 Dec 30;44(2):379–402. doi: 10.1007/BF00230089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Lawwill T. Effects of prolonged exposure of rabbit retina to low-intensity light. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Jan;12(1):45–51. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Lawwill T. Three major pathologic processes caused by light in the primate retina: a search for mechanisms. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1982;80:517–579. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. MORON-SALAS J. Obliteración de los desgarros retinianos por quemadura con luz. Archivos Soc Oftalmol Hisp Am. 1950 Jun;10(6):566–578. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. MacFaul P. A. Visual prognosis after solar retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1969 Aug;53(8):534–541. doi: 10.1136/bjo.53.8.534. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Mainster M. A. Spectral transmittance of intraocular lenses and retinal damage from intense light sources. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978 Feb;85(2):167–170. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75943-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Marlor R. L., Blais B. R., Preston F. R., Boyden D. G. Foveomacular retinitis, an important problem in military medicine: epidemiology. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Jan;12(1):5–16. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Naidoff M. A., Slinkey D. H. Retinal injury from a welding arc. Am J Ophthalmol. 1974 May;77(5):663–668. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(74)90528-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Noell W. K., Albrecht R. Irreversible effects on visible light on the retina: role of vitamin A. Science. 1971 Apr 2;172(3978):76–79. doi: 10.1126/science.172.3978.76. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Noell W. K., Walker V. S., Kang B. S., Berman S. Retinal damage by light in rats. Invest Ophthalmol. 1966 Oct;5(5):450–473. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. O'Steen W. K., Shear C. R., Anderson K. V. Retinal damage after prolonged exposure to visible light. A light and electron microscopic study. Am J Anat. 1972 May;134(1):5–21. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001340103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Penner R., McNair J. N. Eclipse blindness. Report of an epidemic in the military population of Hawaii. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966 Jun;61(6):1452–1457. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Pittar C. A. A CASE OF "HOLE" AT MACULA DUE TO LOOKING AT THE SUN. Br J Ophthalmol. 1943 Jan;27(1):36–38. doi: 10.1136/bjo.27.1.36. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Pitts D. G., Cullen A. P., Hacker P. D. Ocular effects of ultraviolet radiation from 295 to 365 nm. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977 Oct;16(10):932–939. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Priebe L. A., Cain C. P., Welch A. J. Temperature rise required for production of minimal lesions in the Macaca mulatta retina. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975 Mar;79(3):405–413. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(75)90613-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Ridgway A. E. Solar retinopathy. Br Med J. 1967 Jul 22;3(5559):212–214. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5559.212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ritchey C. L., Ewald R. A. Sun gazing as the cause of foveomacular retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970 Oct;70(4):491–497. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)90881-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Rosen E. SOLAR RETINITIS. Br J Ophthalmol. 1948 Jan;32(1):23–35. doi: 10.1136/bjo.32.1.23. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Ruffolo J. J., Jr, Ham W. T., Jr, Mueller H. A., Millen J. E. Photochemical lesions in the primate retina under conditions of elevated blood oxygen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1984 Aug;25(8):893–898. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Sadun A. C., Sadun A. A., Sadun L. A. Solar retinopathy. A biophysical analysis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984 Oct;102(10):1510–1512. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1984.01040031230024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Schatz H., Mendelblatt F. Solar retinopathy from sun-gazing under the influence of LSD. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973 Apr;57(4):270–273. doi: 10.1136/bjo.57.4.270. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Sliney D. H. Eye protective techniques for bright light. Ophthalmology. 1983 Aug;90(8):937–944. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)80021-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Sperling H. G., Johnson C., Harwerth R. S. Differential spectral photic damage to primate cones. Vision Res. 1980;20(12):1117–1125. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(80)90049-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Sykes S. M., Robison W. G., Jr, Waxler M., Kuwabara T. Damage to the monkey retina by broad-spectrum fluorescent light. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981 Apr;20(4):425–434. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Tso M. O., Woodford B. J. Effect of photic injury on the retinal tissues. Ophthalmology. 1983 Aug;90(8):952–963. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)80023-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. White T. J., Mainster M. A., Wilson P. W., Tips J. H. Chorioretinal temperature increases from solar observation. Bull Math Biophys. 1971 Mar;33(1):1–17. doi: 10.1007/BF02476660. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Woldoff H. S., Kilpatrick W. R. Foveomacular retinitis: report of cases in three young females. Ann Ophthalmol. 1975 Aug;7(8):1035–1038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. von Sallmann L., Grimes P. Retinal degeneration in mature rats. Comparison of the disease in an Osborne-Mendel and a spontaneously hypertensive Wistar strain. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974 Dec;13(12):1010–1015. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society are provided here courtesy of American Ophthalmological Society

RESOURCES