Skip to main content
Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society logoLink to Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society
. 1987;85:557–599.

Characterization of the choroidal mast cell.

W A Godfrey 1
PMCID: PMC1298791  PMID: 3328921

Abstract

The experimental studies performed on nonpigmented rat choroids and the review of the important literature covered in this thesis seem to justify the following statements: 1. Mast cells are present in the choroid in significant numbers. 2. Mast cell numbers vary considerably from one individual to another and from one location in the choroid to another. 3. The major concentration of mast cells in the uvea is in the posterior choroid. 4. The mast cells of the choroid have a preferential location along arterial vessels. 5. Choroidal mast cell population density apparently decreases with senescence. 6. Mast cell products are present in sufficient quantity to exert substantial effects on physiologic, immunologic, and inflammatory responses in the choroid. 7. Choroidal mast cell products are released with appropriate stimulation and share some properties with the connective-tissue mast cell. 8. Choroidal mast cell demonstrate enough differences to suggest that a local differentiation may be present and may represent a locally controlled modulating effect for choroidal physiologic, immunologic, and inflammatory reactions.

Full text

PDF
557

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ASHTON N., CUNHA-VAZ J. G. EFFECT OF HISTAMINE ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE OCULAR VESSELS. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965 Feb;73:211–223. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030213014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allansmith M. R., Baird R. S., Bloch K. J. Degranulation of ocular mast cells in rats undergoing systemic anaphylaxis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980 Dec;19(12):1521–1524. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Allansmith M. R., Baird R. S., Kashima K., Bloch K. J. Mass cells in ocular tissues of normal rats and rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1979 Aug;18(8):863–867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Allansmith M. R., Bloch K. J., Baird R. S., Sinclair K. J. Participation of ocular tissues in systemic anaphylaxis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980 Jun;19(6):690–694. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ash A. S., Schild H. O. Receptors mediating some actions of histamine. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1966 Aug;27(2):427–439. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01674.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BITTER T., MUIR H. M. A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal Biochem. 1962 Oct;4:330–334. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(62)90095-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Banks R. O., Fondacaro J. D., Schwaiger M. M., Jacobson E. D. Renal histamine H1 and H2 receptors: characterization and functional significance. Am J Physiol. 1978 Dec;235(6):F570–F575. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1978.235.6.F570. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Beaven M. A. Histamine (second of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1976 Feb 5;294(6):320–325. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197602052940608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Beer D. J., Matloff S. M., Rocklin R. E. The influence of histamine on immune and inflammatory responses. Adv Immunol. 1984;35:209–268. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60577-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bienenstock J., Befus A. D., Pearce F., Denburg J., Goodacre R. Mast cell heterogeneity: derivation and function, with emphasis on the intestine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1982 Dec;70(6):407–412. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(82)90001-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Black J. W., Duncan W. A., Durant C. J., Ganellin C. R., Parsons E. M. Definition and antagonism of histamine H 2 -receptors. Nature. 1972 Apr 21;236(5347):385–390. doi: 10.1038/236385a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Carraway R., Cochrane D. E., Lansman J. B., Leeman S. E., Paterson B. M., Welch H. J. Neurotensin stimulates exocytotic histamine secretion from rat mast cells and elevates plasma histamine levels. J Physiol. 1982 Feb;323:403–414. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014080. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Chou C. C., Siregar H. Role of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in postprandial intestinal hyperemia. Am J Physiol. 1982 Oct;243(4):G248–G252. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1982.243.4.G248. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dieterich C. E. Uber die Ultrastruktur der Mastzellen in der menschlichen Iris. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol. 1972;11(4):358–375. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dimlich R. V., Meineke H. A., Reilly F. D., McCuskey R. S. The fluorescent staining of heparin in mast cells using berberine sulfate: compatibility with paraformaldehyde or o-phthalaldehyde induced fluorescence and metachromasia. Stain Technol. 1980 Jul;55(4):217–223. doi: 10.3109/10520298009067243. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dvorak A. M., Dvorak H. F., Galli S. J. Ultrastructural criteria for identification of mast cells and basophils in humans, guinea pigs, and mice. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983 Aug;128(2 Pt 2):S49–S52. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1983.128.2P2.S49. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Dvorak A. M., Hammond M. E., Morgan E., Orenstein N. S., Galli S. J., Dvorak H. F. Evidence for a vesicular transport mechanism in guinea pig basophilic leukocytes. Lab Invest. 1980 Feb;42(2):263–276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Edvinsson L., Gross P. M., Mohamed A. Characterization of histamine receptors in cat cerebral arteries in vitro and in situ. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1983 Apr;225(1):168–175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Enerbäck L. Berberine sulphate binding to mast cell polyanions: a cytofluorometric method for the quantitation of heparin. Histochemistry. 1974;42(4):301–313. doi: 10.1007/BF00492678. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Enerbäck L. Mast cells in rat gastrointestinal mucosa. 2. Dye-binding and metachromatic properties. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1966;66(3):303–312. doi: 10.1111/apm.1966.66.3.303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. FEENEY L., HOGAN M. J. Electron microscopy of the human choroid. I. Cells and supporting structure. Am J Ophthalmol. 1961 May;51:1057–1072. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(61)91795-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Friedlaender M. H., Howes E. L., Jr, Hall J. M., Krasnobrod H., Wormstead M. A. Histopathology of delayed hypersensitivity reacitons in the guinea pig uveal tract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1978 Apr;17(4):327–335. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Galli S. J., Dvorak A. M., Dvorak H. F. Basophils and mast cells: morphologic insights into their biology, secretory patterns, and function. Prog Allergy. 1984;34:1–141. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Gardner J. D., Ousley M., Godfrey W., Lindsey N. J., Abdou N. I. Mycobacterium fortuitum infection: evidence of bactericidal defect due to hyperactive antigen-specific suppressor cells. Correction in vitro and in vivo by cholinergic agonist and indomethacin. Am J Med. 1982 Nov;73(5):756–764. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(82)90420-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Garovoy M. R., Reddish M. A., Rocklin R. E. Histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF): inhibition of helper T cell generation and function. J Immunol. 1983 Jan;130(1):357–361. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. HOGAN M. J. Ultrastructure of the choroid. Its role in the pathogenesis of chorioretinal disease. Trans Pac Coast Otoophthalmol Soc Annu Meet. 1961;42:61–87. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ishizaka K., Ishizaka T., Hornbrook M. M. Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. V. Correlation of reaginic activity wth gamma-E-globulin antibody. J Immunol. 1966 Dec;97(6):840–853. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ishizaka T., Ishizaka K. Activation of mast cells for mediator release through IgE receptors. Prog Allergy. 1984;34:188–235. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. KIM Y. Z. Mast cell degranulation in the rat uvea induced by histamine-liberator compound 48/80. Arch Ophthalmol. 1963 Mar;69:350–356. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1963.00960040356017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. LANZIERI M., CRICCHI M. MAST CELLS AND VESSELS OF THE CHOROID OF ALBINO GUINEA PIGS DURING THE UVEAL ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965 Sep;74:367–370. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970040369016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. LARSEN G. Experimental uveitis. A histopathologic study with special reference to the mast cell. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1961;39:231–258. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1961.tb00257.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. LARSEN G. The mast cells in the uveal tract of the eye and changes induced by hormones and avitaminosis-C. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959 Jan;47(1 Pt 2):509–519. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)78056-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. LEVENE R. Z. Mast cells and amines in normal ocular tissues. Invest Ophthalmol. 1962 Aug;1:531–543. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. MACINTOSH F. C., PATON W. D. M. The liberation of histamine by certain organic bases. J Physiol. 1949 Aug;109(1-2):190–219. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004385. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. MOTA I. Mast cells and anaphylaxis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 Feb 26;103:264–277. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb53703.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Metcalfe D. D., Kaliner M., Donlon M. A. The mast cell. Crit Rev Immunol. 1981 Sep;3(1):23–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Mochizuki M., Kuwabara T., Chan C. C., Nussenblatt R. B., Metcalfe D. D., Gery I. An association between susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveitis and choroidal mast cell numbers. J Immunol. 1984 Oct;133(4):1699–1701. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Nickerson D. A., Havens R. A., Bullock W. E. Immunoregulation in disseminated histoplasmosis: characterization of splenic suppressor cell populations. Cell Immunol. 1981 May 15;60(2):287–297. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(81)90270-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Nii S., Yasuda I., Mimura Y., Hoki T., Yuasa T. Ultrastructure of mast cells in the iris of cases of Behçet's disease. Biken J. 1974 Sep;17(3):121–125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. O'MALLEY P., ALLEN R. A., STRAATSMA B. R., O'MALLEY C. C. PAVING-STONE DEGENERATION OF THE RETINA. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965 Feb;73:169–182. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1965.00970030171006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Powell J. R., Brody M. J. Participation of H1 and H2 histamine receptors in physiological vasodilator responses. Am J Physiol. 1976 Oct;231(4):1002–1009. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.4.1002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Price J. Density gradient of rabbit choroidal mast cells. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Sep;12(9):711–713. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. RILEY J. F., WEST G. B. The presence of histamine in tissue mast cells. J Physiol. 1953 Jun 29;120(4):528–537. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1953.sp004915. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Rockey J. H., Donnelly J. J., Stromberg B. E., Laties A. M., Soulsby E. J. Immunopathology of ascarid infection of the eye. Role of IgE antibodies and mast cells. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981 Oct;99(10):1831–1840. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1981.03930020705017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Rockey J. H., Donnelly J. J., Stromberg B. E., Soulsby E. J. Immunopathology of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum infections of the eye: the role of the eosinophil. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1979 Nov;18(11):1172–1184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Rocklin R. E., Greineder D. K., Melmon K. L. Histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF): further studies on the nature of the stimulus and the cell which produces it. Cell Immunol. 1979 May;44(2):404–415. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(79)90015-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. SCHAYER R. W. Evidence that induced histamine is an intrinsic regulator of the microcirculatory system. Am J Physiol. 1962 Jan;202:66–72. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1962.202.1.66. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. SCHLAEGEL T. F., Jr Histamine and uveal infiltration. Am J Ophthalmol. 1949 Oct;32(10):1331–1336. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(49)91751-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. SILVERSTEIN A. M., ZIMMERMAN L. E. Immunogenic endophthalmitis produced in the guinea pig by different pathogenetic mechanisms. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959 Nov;48(5):435–447. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(59)90596-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. SMELSER G. K., SILVER S. The distribution of mast cells in the normal eye. A method of study. Exp Eye Res. 1963 Apr;2:134–140. doi: 10.1016/s0014-4835(63)80005-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Sarks S. H. Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: a clinico-pathological study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976 May;60(5):324–341. doi: 10.1136/bjo.60.5.324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Schwartz L. B., Austen K. F. Structure and function of the chemical mediators of mast cells. Prog Allergy. 1984;34:271–321. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Segal S., Melmon K. L., Weinstein Y. Isolation of suppressor T lymphocytes adherent to histamine conjugated albumin and their role in suppression of IgG response to SRBC. Cell Immunol. 1981 Mar 15;59(1):171–180. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(81)90444-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Shaff R. E., Beaven M. A. Increased sensitivity of the enzymatic isotopic assay of histamine: measurement of histamine in plasma and serum. Anal Biochem. 1979 Apr 15;94(2):425–430. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90385-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Shearer G. M., Weinstein Y., Melmon K. L. Enhancement of immune response potential of mouse lymphoid cells fractionated over insolubilized conjugated histamine columns. J Immunol. 1974 Aug;113(2):597–607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Smith R. S., Trokel S. Effects of mast-cell degranulation on the choroid. Arch Ophthalmol. 1966 Mar;75(3):390–394. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1966.00970050392016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Stimler N. P., Bloor C. M., Hugli T. E., Wykle R. L., McCall C. E., O'Flaherty J. T. Anaphylactic actions of platelet-activating factor. Am J Pathol. 1981 Oct;105(1):64–69. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. VANNAS S. Mast cells in glaucomatous eyes. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1959;37:330–339. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1959.tb03442.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. VILSTRUP G. Studies on the vascular capacity and tissue fluid content of the choroid and their variations under treatment with histamine. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1952;30(2):173–180. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1952.tb07652.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Witmer R., Dieterich C. Ultrastructural studies on uveitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1970;90:565–574. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. de Kozak Y., Sainte-Laudy J., Benveniste J., Faure J. P. Evidence for immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Eur J Immunol. 1981 Aug;11(8):612–617. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830110805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society are provided here courtesy of American Ophthalmological Society

RESOURCES