| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| BMI | body mass index |
| CCI | Charlson Comorbidity Index |
| DBP | diastolic blood pressure |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| GTP | γ-glutamyl transferase |
| HbA1c | glycated hemoglobin |
| HDL-C | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| HHS | hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome |
| ICD-10 | International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision |
| LDL-C | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| MHLW | Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare |
| NDB | The Japan National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups |
| S-age | substituted age |
| SBP | systolic blood pressure |
| TG | triglycerides |
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