Abstract
BACKGROUND:
CD99 was first isolated as an antigen on the T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. It has been shown to participate in T cell adhesion and is widely expressed on a variety of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types.
AIM OF WORK:
Detection of the expression pattern of CD99 on leukemic and normal T cells and assessing the possibility of its use as a tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of T-ALL cases.
METHODOLOGY:
We used flow cytometry technique to determine the expression level of CD99 in 62 newly diagnosed T-ALL patients. Patients were followed up for the presence of minimal residual disease on day 15 and day 42 post-therapy. 20 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study.
RESULTS:
CD99 was expressed in all T-ALL patients, with a higher median expression level when compared to controls (58.5% versus 1.38%, p< 0.001). On day 42 post-therapy, 100% of follow up patients who had initial CD99 expression ≤ 50% had no minimal residual disease, while only 45.5% of those who had initial CD99 expression > 50% had no minimal residual disease (P= 0.03). There was no significant influence of CD99 expression on the 1-year overall survival probability (P= 0.82).
CONCLUSION:
CD99 could be used to complement current strategy relying on TdT for diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual disease during the post-therapy follow up of T-ALL patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Keywords: CD99, T acute lymphoblastic leukemia, disease free survival
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (402.5 KB).
References
- [1]. Vlierberghe P.V., Pieters R., Beverloo H.B. et al., Molecular-genetic insights in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. British Journal of Haematology 143 (2008), 153-168. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [2]. Swerdlow S.H., Campo E., Harris N.L., Pileri S.A., WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon, France: IARCPress, 2008, pp. 140, 141, 157-178. [Google Scholar]
- [3]. Dworzak M.N., Fröschl G., Printz D., Zen L.D., Gaipa G., Ratei R., et al., CD99 expression in T-lineage ALL: implications for flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease. Leukemia 18 (2004), 703-708. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [4]. Pui C.H. and Campana D., New definition of remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 14 (2000), 783-785. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [5]. Dworzak M.N., Gaipa G., Schumich A., Maglia O., Ratei R., Veltroni M., et al., Modulation of antigen expression in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction therapy is partly transient: Evidence for a drug-induced regulatory phenomenon. Results of the AIEOP-BFM-ALL-FLOW-MRD-Study Group. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 78 (2010), 147-153. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [6]. Pui C.H., Relling M.V., Sandlund J.T., Downing J.R., Campana D., Evans W.E., Rationale and design of Total Therapy Study XV for newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 83 (2004), 124-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [7]. Goldberg J.M., Silverman L.B., Levy D.E., Dalton V.K., Gelber R.D., Lehmann L., et al., Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute acute lymphoblastic leukemia consortium experience. American Society of Clinical Oncology 21 (2003), 3616-3622. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [8]. Gökbuget N., Hoelzer D., Arnold R., Böhme A., Bartram C.R., Freund M., et al., Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to protocols of the German multicenter study group for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (GMALL). Hematology/Oncology Clinics 14 (2000), 1307-1325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [9]. Dworzak M.N., Gaipa G., Ratei R., Veltroni M., Schumich A., Maglia O., et al., Standardization of flow cytometric minimal residual disease evaluation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Multicentric assessment is feasible. Cytometry 74 (2008), 331-340. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [10]. Popov A.M., Verzhbitskaia T.L., Tsaur G.A., Shorikov E.V., Savel'ev L.I., Tsvirenko S.V., et al., Minimal residual disease monitoring by flow cytometry in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Klin Lab Diagn 8 (2010), 36-40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [11]. Coustan-Smith E., Song G., Clark C., Key L., Liu P., Mehrpooya M., et al., New markers for minimal residual disease detection in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 117 (2011), 6267-76. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [12]. Roshal M., Fromm J.R., Winter S., Dunsmore K., Wood B.L., Immaturity associated antigens are lost during induction for T cell lymphoblastic leukemia: implications for minimal residual disease detection. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 78 (2010), 139-146. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- [13]. Janeliūnienė M., Matuzevičienė R., Griškevičius L., Monitoring of T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Flow Cytometry. Cent. Eur. J. Med. 5 (2010), 651-658. [Google Scholar]
- [14]. Bachir F., Bennani S., Lahjouji A., Cherkaoui S., Harif M., Khattab M., et al., Characterization of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Subtypes in Moroccan Children. International Journal of Pediatrics 2009 (2009), 674801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]