Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Western Journal of Medicine logoLink to The Western Journal of Medicine
. 1985 May;142(5):672–677.

Should postmenopausal women be given estrogen?

R J Haber
PMCID: PMC1306136  PMID: 4013283

Full text

PDF
672

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bain C., Willett W., Hennekens C. H., Rosner B., Belanger C., Speizer F. E. Use of postmenopausal hormones and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1981 Jul;64(1):42–46. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.64.1.42. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bush T. L., Cowan L. D., Barrett-Connor E., Criqui M. H., Karon J. M., Wallace R. B., Tyroler H. A., Rifkind B. M. Estrogen use and all-cause mortality. Preliminary results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-Up Study. JAMA. 1983 Feb 18;249(7):903–906. doi: 10.1001/jama.249.7.903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Byrd B. F., Jr, Burch J. C., Vaughn W. K. The impact of long term estrogen support after hysterectomy. A report of 1016 cases. Ann Surg. 1977 May;185(5):574–580. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197705000-00010. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chu J., Schweid A. I., Weiss N. S. Survival among women with endometrial cancer: a comparison of estrogen users and nonusers. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Jul 1;143(5):569–573. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(82)90549-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins J., Donner A., Allen L. H., Adams O. Oestrogen use and survival in endometrial cancer. Lancet. 1980 Nov 1;2(8201):961–964. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92115-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Farmer M. E., White L. R., Brody J. A., Bailey K. R. Race and sex differences in hip fracture incidence. Am J Public Health. 1984 Dec;74(12):1374–1380. doi: 10.2105/ajph.74.12.1374. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gallagher J. C., Melton L. J., Riggs B. L., Bergstrath E. Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Rochester, Minnesota. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980 Jul-Aug;(150):163–171. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gambrell R. D., Jr The menopause: benefits and risks of estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. Fertil Steril. 1982 Apr;37(4):457–474. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46149-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hammond C. B., Jelovsek F. R., Lee K. L., Creasman W. T., Parker R. T. Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy. I. Metabolic effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Mar 1;133(5):525–536. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(79)90288-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hammond C. B., Jelovsek F. R., Lee K. L., Creasman W. T., Parker R. T. Effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy. II. Neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Mar 1;133(5):537–547. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(79)90289-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hammond C. B., ory S. J. Endocrine problems in the menopause. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Mar;25(1):19–38. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198203000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Heaney R. P. Calcium intake requirement and bone mass in the elderly. J Lab Clin Med. 1982 Sep;100(3):309–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hoover R., Gray L. A., Sr, Cole P., MacMahon B. Menopausal estrogens and breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1976 Aug 19;295(8):401–405. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197608192950801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Horwitz R. I., Feinstein A. R. Alternative analytic methods for case-control studies of estrogens and endometrial cancer. N Engl J Med. 1978 Nov 16;299(20):1089–1094. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197811162992001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Horwitz R. I., Stewart K. R. Effect of clinical features on the association of estrogens and breast cancer. Am J Med. 1984 Feb;76(2):192–198. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(84)90773-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hulka B. S., Kaufman D. G., Fowler W. C., Jr, Grimson R. C., Greenberg B. G. Predominance of early endometrial cancers after long-term estrogen use. JAMA. 1980 Nov 28;244(21):2419–2422. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Johnson R. E., Specht E. E. The risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal females with or without estrogen drug exposure. Am J Public Health. 1981 Feb;71(2):138–144. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.2.138. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kannel W. B., Hjortland M. C., McNamara P. M., Gordon T. Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med. 1976 Oct;85(4):447–452. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-447. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. MacMahon B. Risk factors for endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1974 Aug;2(2-3):122–129. doi: 10.1016/0090-8258(74)90003-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Meade T. W., Greenberg G., Thompson S. G. Progestogens and cardiovascular reactions associated with oral contraceptives and a comparison of the safety of 50- and 30-microgram oestrogen preparations. Br Med J. 1980 May 10;280(6224):1157–1161. doi: 10.1136/bmj.280.6224.1157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nachtigall L. E., Nachtigall R. H., Nachtigall R. D., Beckman E. M. Estrogen replacement therapy II: a prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Jul;54(1):74–79. doi: 10.1097/00006250-197907000-00017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Osteoporosis: Part II. Prevention of Bone Loss and Fractures in Women and Risks of Menopausal Estrogen Therapy. West J Med. 1983 Aug;139(2):204–211. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pfeffer R. I., Whipple G. H., Kurosaki T. T., Chapman J. M. Coronary risk and estrogen use in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 1978 Jun;107(6):479–497. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112567. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Richelson L. S., Wahner H. W., Melton L. J., 3rd, Riggs B. L. Relative contributions of aging and estrogen deficiency to postmenopausal bone loss. N Engl J Med. 1984 Nov 15;311(20):1273–1275. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198411153112002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Robboy S. J., Bradley R. Changing trends and prognostic features in endometrial cancer associated with exogenous estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Sep;54(3):269–277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Rosenberg L., Armstrong B., Jick H. Myocardial infarction and estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1976 Jun 3;294(23):1256–1259. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197606032942302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ross R. K., Paganini-Hill A., Mack T. M., Arthur M., Henderson B. E. Menopausal oestrogen therapy and protection from death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1981 Apr 18;1(8225):858–860. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92138-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Thomas D. B. Non-contraceptive exogenous estrogens and risk of breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1982;2(3):203–211. doi: 10.1007/BF01806932. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Western Journal of Medicine are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES