Abstract
We assessed the ability of a combined contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedure to promote and sustain temporary smoking cessation among 34 hired research volunteers, and the ability of a smoking reduction test to predict the subsequent initiation of abstinence. During the 5-day cutdown test, subjects were paid from $0 to $6 per day depending on the extent of reduction from baseline CO levels. During the abstinence test, breath samples were obtained three times daily and subjects were paid $4 for each CO reading less than or equal to 11 ppm. Sixty-eight percent of subjects initiated abstinence. Of the breath samples collected during the abstinence test (91% of scheduled samples), 96.5% were less than or equal to 11 ppm and 80.5% were less than or equal to 8 ppm. Subjects who earned more money during the cutdown test were more likely to abstain (r = -0.51, p less than .001). Contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedures appear to have usefulness for analog studies of smoking reduction and cessation.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bauman K. E., Bryan E. S., Dent C. W., Koch G. G. The influence of observing carbon monoxide level on cigarette smoking by public prenatal patients. Am J Public Health. 1983 Sep;73(9):1089–1091. doi: 10.2105/ajph.73.9.1089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benowitz N. L., Kuyt F., Jacob P., 3rd Influence of nicotine on cardiovascular and hormonal effects of cigarette smoking. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984 Jul;36(1):74–81. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1984.142. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benowitz N. L., Kuyt F., Jacob P., 3rd, Jones R. T., Osman A. L. Cotinine disposition and effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Nov;34(5):604–611. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1983.222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bliss R. E., O'Connell K. A. Problems with thiocyanate as an index of smoking status: a critical review with suggestions for improving the usefulness of biochemical measures in smoking cessation research. Health Psychol. 1984;3(6):563–581. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.3.6.563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hatsukami D. K., Hughes J. R., Pickens R. W., Svikis D. Tobacco withdrawal symptoms: an experimental analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1984;84(2):231–236. doi: 10.1007/BF00427451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hughes J. R., Hatsukami D. K., Pickens R. W., Krahn D., Malin S., Luknic A. Effect of nicotine on the tobacco withdrawal syndrome. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1984;83(1):82–87. doi: 10.1007/BF00427428. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Petitti D. B., Friedman G. D., Kahn W. Accuracy of information on smoking habits provided on self-administered research questionnaires. Am J Public Health. 1981 Mar;71(3):308–311. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.3.308. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schneider N. G., Jarvik M. E. Time course of smoking withdrawal symptoms as a function of nicotine replacement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1984;82(1-2):143–144. doi: 10.1007/BF00426399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shiffman S. M., Jarvik M. E. Smoking withdrawal symptoms in two weeks of abstinence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1976 Oct 20;50(1):35–39. doi: 10.1007/BF00634151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stitzer M. L., Bigelow G. E. Contingent reinforcement for carbon monoxide reduction: within-subject effects of pay amount. J Appl Behav Anal. 1984 Winter;17(4):477–483. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1984.17-477. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stitzer M. L., Bigelow G. E. Contingent reinforcement for reduced breath carbon monoxide levels: target-specific effects on cigarette smoking. Addict Behav. 1985;10(4):345–349. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(85)90030-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vogt T. M., Selvin S., Widdowson G., Hulley S. B. Expired air carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate as objective measures of cigarette exposure. Am J Public Health. 1977 Jun;67(6):545–549. doi: 10.2105/ajph.67.6.545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]