Abstract
Early elements in an operant chain of toilet behaviors were trained in three normal infants and five retarded children. Following that, eliminative behaviors were conditioned by operant procedures. Each child was equipped with an auditory signalling device that gave cues to the learner. Baseline behavior was recorded for a period of five days. The procedure for training consisted of two steps. First, a response was obtained through physical, verbal, and auditory prompts. Second, prompts were faded until the child responded in the presence of the auditory signal. When the device was removed the child performed without the auditory prompt. Parents were instructed in a similar procedure to enhance generalization in the home. Seven of the eight subjects reached a criterion and maintained that behavior during three criterion sessions.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Baumeister A., Klosowski R. An attempt to group toilet train severely retarded patients. Ment Retard. 1965 Dec;3(6):24–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAYAN M. TOILET TRAINING RETARDED CHILDREN IN A STATE RESIDENTIAL INSTITUTION. Ment Retard. 1964 Apr;2(2):116–117. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hundziak M., Maurer R. A., Watson L. S. Operant conditioning in toilet training of severely mentally retarded boys. Am J Ment Defic. 1965 Jul;70(1):120–124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Wagenen R. K., Meyerson L., Kerr N. J., Mahoney K. Field trials of a new procedure for toilet training. J Exp Child Psychol. 1969 Aug;8(1):147–159. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(69)90036-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]