Abstract
Twenty-four elementary school children in grades K-3 participated in a study to teach six street-crossing skills: (1) wait at curb, (2) look all ways, (3) watch vehicle distance, (4) walk, (5) continue to look, and (6) use crosswalk. The effects of an instructional package implemented on the street corner were evaluated using a multiple-baseline design across two groups of six children at each of two schools. Rapid acquisition of pedestrian skills was evident at both schools. Average skill levels improved from 44% during baseline to 97% after training at School A and from 21% to 86% at School B. Data taken at a second street at each school were used to assess setting generality of safety behaviors. A one-year followup of 14 children indicated that pedestrian safety skills either maintained at high levels or could be quickly recovered from intermediate levels after remedial training. This research represents a first step in the solution of just one of the many community problems involving safety-deficient settings.
Keywords: pedestrian behavior, safety, instructional package, in-vivo training, followup, community problems, multiple baseline, elementary school children
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Azrin N. H., Foxx R. M. A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded. J Appl Behav Anal. 1971 Summer;4(2):89–99. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Briscoe R. V., Hoffman D. B., Bailey J. S. Behavioral community psychology: training a community board to problem solve. J Appl Behav Anal. 1975 Summer;8(2):157–168. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fawcett S. B., Miller L. K. Training public-speaking behavior: an experimental analysis and social validation. J Appl Behav Anal. 1975 Summer;8(2):125–135. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frederiksen L. W., Jenkins J. O., Foy D. W., Eisler R. M. Social-skills training to modify abusive verbal outbursts in adults. J Appl Behav Anal. 1976 Summer;9(2):117–125. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heimstra N. W., Nichols J., Martin G. An experimental methodology for analysis of child pedestrian behavior. Pediatrics. 1969 Nov;44(5 Suppl):832–838. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meichenbaum D. H., Goodman J. Training impulsive children to talk to themselves: a means of developing self-control. J Abnorm Psychol. 1971 Apr;77(2):115–126. doi: 10.1037/h0030773. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Minkin N., Braukmann C. J., Minkin B. L., Timbers G. D., Timbers B. J., Fixsen D. L., Phillips E. L., Wolf M. M. The social validation and training of conversational skills. J Appl Behav Anal. 1976 Summer;9(2):127–139. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-127. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- doi: 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-105. [DOI] [PMC free article] [Google Scholar]
- Page T. J., Iwata B. A., Neef N. A. Teaching pedestrian skills to retarded persons: generalization from the classroom to the natural environment. J Appl Behav Anal. 1976 WINTER;9(4):433–444. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-433. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]