Abstract
Tokens, exchangeable for a variety of back-up reinforcers, were delivered for several days to all persons boarding a clearly marked campus bus. This procedure increased ridership to 150% of baseline. The experiment was carried out to demonstrate the applicability of operant techniques to urban transportation problems. In this study, a token reinforcement procedure was introduced in an attempt to increase bus ridership while holding the costs of reinforcers to a minimum and circumventing the problems of individual satiety and preferences and of delivering cumbersome reinforcers. A methodology for establishing a token-exchange procedure in an “open-field” behavior setting, where the subject population size, geographic location, preferences, age, sex, preferred hours of mobility, etc. are unspecified, is also presented.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- AYLLON T., AZRIN N. H. REINFORCEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONS WITH MENTAL PATIENTS. J Exp Anal Behav. 1964 Jul;7:327–331. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1964.7-327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burgess R. L., Clark R. N., Hendee J. C. An experimental analysis of anti-litter procedures. J Appl Behav Anal. 1971 Summer;4(2):71–75. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-71. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clark R. N., Burgess R. L., Hendee J. C. The development of anti-litter behavior in a forest campground. J Appl Behav Anal. 1972 Spring;5(1):1–5. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kazdin A. E., Bootzin R. R. The token economy: an evaluative review. J Appl Behav Anal. 1972 Fall;5(3):343–372. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1972.5-343. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]